Neuromodulation and Novel Therapeutics Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Apr;135:104579. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104579. Epub 2022 Feb 12.
Susceptibility to psychiatric disorders seems to be influenced by environmental disturbances throughout all stages of life. Epigenetics is described as a key "bridge" between gene and environment, shaping gene expression and phenotype in response to environmental influences. For a long time, it was believed the epigenetic information could not be transmitted from one generation to the next, however, recent evidence has demonstrated that these acquired changes can be transmitted across generations in different species, with implications also for humans. The emerging evidence of epigenetic inheritance mechanisms is changing the concept of how and what information can be transferred across generations, rising as a promising theory to explain how psychiatric-related information can be inherited. In this review, we will discuss the main theory about epigenetic inheritance, present clinical evidence of its potential role in major psychiatric disorders, and how studies with patients and animal models have helped describe the epigenetic mechanisms and possible targets underlying this process in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, substance use disorder and autism.
精神障碍的易感性似乎受到生命各个阶段环境干扰的影响。表观遗传学被描述为基因和环境之间的关键“桥梁”，它可以根据环境影响来塑造基因表达和表型。长期以来，人们一直认为表观遗传信息不能从上一代传递到下一代，然而，最近的证据表明，这些获得性变化可以在不同物种中跨代传递，这对人类也有影响。表观遗传遗传机制的新证据正在改变可以跨代传递信息的方式和内容的概念，它作为一种有前途的理论，解释了与精神疾病相关的信息是如何遗传的。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论关于表观遗传遗传的主要理论，介绍其在主要精神障碍中的潜在作用的临床证据，以及患者和动物模型研究如何帮助描述精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、抑郁症、创伤后应激障碍、焦虑症、物质使用障碍和自闭症中这一过程的表观遗传机制和可能的靶点。
