Kumari Durga, Bhatia Eshant, Awasthi Lisha, Banerjee Rinti
Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India.
Biomed Mater. 2022 May 3;17(4). doi: 10.1088/1748-605X/ac5571.
Adequate micronutrient availability is particularly important in women, children and infants. Micronutrient deficiencies are the major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity. To overcome this, WHO recommends the use of folic acid and iron supplements for reducing anaemia and improving the health of the mother and infants. Oral intake of supplements for nutritional deficiencies are associated with gastric irritation, nausea, constipation and non-patient compliance due to associated taste. In case of absorption deficiency nutrients administered orally pass-through digestive tract unabsorbed. In the present study, we propose transdermal delivery of nutraceuticals to avoid the limitations associated with oral intake. Transdermal delivery has limited use because of the closely packed barrier of the stratum corneum that limits the permeability of molecules across skin. Here, we have used biomimetic nanovesicles impregnated in transdermal patches for delivery of folic acid and iron. Nanovesicles are prepared using an abundant component of cell membrane, phosphatidyl choline and a permeation enhancer. Further these nanovesicles are impregnated onto polyacrylate based transdermal patch.studies have shown the ability of nanovesicles to fluidise skin lipids and penetrate into deeper skin.application of transdermal patches gradually increased the systemic concentration of nutraceuticals. Post application of the patch, five-fold increase in plasma folic acid concentration and 1.5-fold increase in plasma iron concertation was achieved in 6 h. Developed nanovesicles were compatible with keratinocytes and fibroblasts as testedand have the potential to enhance the cellular uptake of molecules. Skin irritation studies on human volunteers have confirmed the safety of nutraceutical loaded nanovesicles. Thus, the developed nutraceutical loaded transdermal patches provide a potential, easy to use platform for micronutrient delivery in infants and mothers.
充足的微量营养素供应对妇女、儿童和婴儿尤为重要。微量营养素缺乏是孕产妇和新生儿发病的主要原因。为克服这一问题，世界卫生组织建议使用叶酸和铁补充剂来减少贫血并改善母婴健康。口服营养缺乏补充剂会导致胃部不适、恶心、便秘，且因味道问题患者依从性差。在吸收不足的情况下，口服的营养素会未经吸收就通过消化道。在本研究中，我们提出经皮递送营养保健品以避免与口服相关的局限性。由于角质层紧密堆积的屏障限制了分子透过皮肤的渗透性，经皮递送的应用有限。在此，我们使用浸渍在透皮贴剂中的仿生纳米囊泡来递送叶酸和铁。纳米囊泡是使用细胞膜的一种丰富成分磷脂酰胆碱和一种渗透促进剂制备的。此外，这些纳米囊泡被浸渍到基于聚丙烯酸酯的透皮贴剂上。研究表明纳米囊泡有使皮肤脂质流化并渗透到更深层皮肤的能力。透皮贴剂的应用逐渐提高了营养保健品的全身浓度。贴剂应用后6小时内，血浆叶酸浓度增加了五倍，血浆铁浓度增加了1.5倍。经测试，所开发的纳米囊泡与角质形成细胞和成纤维细胞相容，并且有增强分子细胞摄取的潜力。对人类志愿者的皮肤刺激性研究证实了负载营养保健品的纳米囊泡的安全性。因此，所开发的负载营养保健品的透皮贴剂为向婴儿和母亲递送微量营养素提供了一个潜在的、易于使用的平台。
