Famagusta State Hospital, Cyprus.
Med Arch. 2021 Oct;75(5):361-365. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2021.75.361-365.
Based on the available evidence, the COVID-19 virus is transmitted through close contact and droplets, not in the form of airborne transmission (airborne) among humans. People at risk of infection are those who are in close contact with or looking after COVID-19 patients. Preventive and mitigation measures are key in both the healthcare sector and the community. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is mandatory to protect healthcare workers from the new coronavirus, but healthcare workers may have skin damage especially associated with long-term use of PPE.
The main purpose in this study is to forward the effects of PPE and disinfectants on health care workers skin health.
From March to May 2020, self-administered face to face questionnaires were distributed to 200 individuals, consisting of healthcare workes who served in the designated departments of tertiary hospitals Famagusta /Cyprus. The questionnaire included questions about the condition of skin damage and the frequency or duration of several infection-prevention measures.
The most common protection equipment were surgery mask (91.5%), gloves (87.5%) and hand sanitizer (52.0%). In addition, 141 (70.5%) individuals stated take a bath/shower frequently as a protection method from COVID and135 (67.5%) individuals stated air conditioning. Most individuals use latex gloves with powder (65.0%) or powder free (62.0%). Mean daily duration of wearing mask was 7.32 ± 4.54 (range 0-24) hours, wearing visor or glasses was 3.16 ± 3.97 (range 0-24) hours, wearing protective apron was 4.20 ± 4.57 (range 0-24) hours and wearing gloves was 5.33 ± 4.03 (range 0-24) hours. Eighty (40.0%) individuals bought personal protective equipment for COVID. Most individuals (73.0%) did not see a COVID patient while 18 (9.0%) individuals sampled from a COVID patient. None of the individuals was COVID positive. Mean stress level was 70.24 ± 23.58 (range 0-100). Most individuals (92.0%) stay at home except working times. Fifty-two (26.0%) individuals had hand dryness (xerosis cutis), 38 (19.0%) individuals had body itching or exanthema, 41 (20.5%) individuals had facial wounds because of mask, visor etc. and 68 (34.0%) individuals had rhinitis. Twenty-nine (14.5%) individuals had treatment because of dermal problems.
Atopy, winter season, low humidity frequency of hand washing with detergents / disinfectants can disrupt the hydro-lipid cover of the skin surface and also cause irritation and even the development of contact dermatitis. Two-thirds of healthcare workers wash their hands 10 times a day, but only 22% applied skin protective cream. Also, according to a study, prophylactic dressings have been shown to alleviate pressure injuries associated with the device. Also, longer exposure time is an important risk factor. Latex-free gloves are now a mandatory standard in many hospitals and clinics and have the potential to reduce occupational skin diseases.
根据现有证据，新冠病毒通过密切接触和飞沫传播，而不是在人与人之间以空气传播（空气传播）的形式传播。有感染风险的人是那些与 COVID-19 患者密切接触或照顾 COVID-19 患者的人。预防和缓解措施是医疗保健部门和社区的关键。个人防护设备（PPE）是保护医护人员免受新型冠状病毒感染的必要手段，但医护人员可能会因长期使用 PPE 而出现皮肤损伤。
本研究的主要目的是探讨 PPE 和消毒剂对医护人员皮肤健康的影响。
2020 年 3 月至 5 月，向 200 名在塞浦路斯法马古斯塔/三大医院指定部门工作的医护人员发放了自我管理的面对面问卷。问卷包括皮肤损伤状况以及几种感染预防措施的频率或持续时间。
最常见的防护设备是手术口罩（91.5%）、手套（87.5%）和洗手液（52.0%）。此外，141 名（70.5%）个人表示经常洗澡/淋浴是预防 COVID 的一种保护方法，135 名（67.5%）个人表示使用空调。大多数人使用乳胶手套，有粉（65.0%）或无粉（62.0%）。每天佩戴口罩的平均时间为 7.32 ± 4.54 小时（范围 0-24 小时），佩戴护目镜或眼镜的平均时间为 3.16 ± 3.97 小时（范围 0-24 小时），佩戴防护围裙的平均时间为 4.20 ± 4.57 小时（范围 0-24 小时），戴手套的平均时间为 5.33 ± 4.03 小时（范围 0-24 小时）。80 名（40.0%）个人购买了个人防护设备以预防 COVID。大多数个人（73.0%）没有看到 COVID 患者，而 18 名（9.0%）个人从 COVID 患者中采样。没有一个人 COVID 检测呈阳性。平均压力水平为 70.24 ± 23.58（范围 0-100）。大多数个人（92.0%）除了工作时间外都呆在家里。52 名（26.0%）个人有手部干燥（皮肤干燥），38 名（19.0%）个人有身体瘙痒或出疹，41 名（20.5%）个人因口罩、护目镜等而面部受伤，68 名（34.0%）个人有鼻炎。29 名（14.5%）个人因皮肤问题接受了治疗。
特应性、冬季、低湿度、频繁使用含清洁剂/消毒剂的水洗手会破坏皮肤表面的水脂覆盖层，还会引起刺激，甚至引发接触性皮炎。三分之二的医护人员每天洗手 10 次，但只有 22%的人使用皮肤保护霜。此外，一项研究表明，预防性敷料已被证明可减轻与设备相关的压力性损伤。此外，暴露时间较长是一个重要的风险因素。现在，许多医院和诊所都强制使用无乳胶手套，这有可能减少职业性皮肤病。
