School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK.
Biomathematics and Applied Mathematical Modelling Research Group, Modelling Simulation and Data Science Network, Department of Mathematics, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti, Nigeria.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2022 Aug 5;116(8):727-735. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/trac002.
A large number of studies have assessed risk factors for infection with soil-transmitted helminths (STH), but few have investigated the interactions between the different parasites or compared these between host species across hosts. Here, we assessed the associations between Ascaris, Trichuris, hookworm, strongyle and Toxocara infections in the Philippines in human and animal hosts.
Faecal samples were collected from humans and animals (dogs, cats and pigs) in 252 households from four villages in southern Philippines and intestinal helminth infections were assessed by microscopy. Associations between worm species were assessed using multiple logistic regression.
Ascaris infections showed a similar prevalence in humans (13.9%) and pigs (13.7%). Hookworm was the most prevalent infection in dogs (48%); the most prevalent infection in pigs was strongyles (42%). The prevalences of hookworm and Toxocara in cats were similar (41%). Statistically significant associations were observed between Ascaris and Trichuris and between Ascaris and hookworm infections in humans, and also between Ascaris and Trichuris infections in pigs. Dual and triple infections were observed, which were more common in dogs, cats and pigs than in humans.
Associations are likely to exist between STH species in humans and animals, possibly due to shared exposures and transmission routes. Individual factors and behaviours will play a key role in the occurrence of co-infections, which will have effects on disease severity. Moreover, the implications of co-infection for the emergence of zoonoses need to be explored further.
大量研究评估了感染土源性蠕虫（STH）的风险因素，但很少有研究调查不同寄生虫之间的相互作用，或在宿主间比较这些相互作用。在这里，我们评估了菲律宾人类和动物宿主中蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫、类圆线虫和旋毛虫感染之间的关联。
从菲律宾四个村庄的 252 户家庭中采集人类和动物（狗、猫和猪）的粪便样本，并通过显微镜检查肠道蠕虫感染情况。使用多因素逻辑回归评估蠕虫种间的关联。
蛔虫感染在人类（13.9%）和猪（13.7%）中的流行率相似。钩虫是狗中最常见的感染（48%）；猪中最常见的感染是类圆线虫（42%）。猫中钩虫和旋毛虫的流行率相似（41%）。在人类中观察到蛔虫和鞭虫以及蛔虫和钩虫感染之间存在统计学显著关联，在猪中也观察到蛔虫和鞭虫感染之间存在统计学显著关联。在狗、猫和猪中，观察到双重和三重感染比在人类中更常见。
人类和动物中的 STH 种之间可能存在关联，这可能是由于共同的暴露和传播途径。个体因素和行为将在共同感染的发生中发挥关键作用，这将对疾病的严重程度产生影响。此外，还需要进一步探讨共感染对人畜共患病出现的影响。
