MacLusky I, Levison H, Gold R, McLaughlin F J
J Pediatr. 1986 May;108(5 Pt 2):861-5. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(86)80758-2.
Antibiotics are administered to patients with cystic fibrosis to eliminate or suppress sputum bacteria. Aerosol administration is attractive because it delivers antibiotic directly to the site of infection. Effective aerosol administration is compromised by the inefficiency of nebulizers to generate small-particle aerosols, adverse airway reaction to the drug, potential emergence of resistant bacteria, and cost. Studies evaluating aerosol treatment have not always controlled for confounding factors and have used a variety of outcome indicators. Results of controlled studies are contradictory with regard to the beneficial effect of aerosol therapy on pulmonary function, sputum bacterial density, and frequency of hospitalization. Therefore, until additional well-controlled trials are completed, routine aerosol administration of antibiotics in cystic fibrosis is not warranted because of cost, potential side effects, and the propensity to select resistant organisms.
抗生素用于治疗囊性纤维化患者，以清除或抑制痰液中的细菌。雾化给药具有吸引力，因为它能将抗生素直接输送到感染部位。然而，雾化器产生小颗粒气溶胶的效率低下、药物引起的气道不良反应、耐药菌的潜在出现以及成本等因素，都影响了有效雾化给药的实施。评估雾化治疗的研究并不总是能控制混杂因素，且使用了多种结果指标。关于雾化治疗对肺功能、痰液细菌密度和住院频率的有益效果，对照研究的结果相互矛盾。因此，在完成更多严格对照试验之前，由于成本、潜在副作用以及产生耐药菌的倾向，囊性纤维化患者常规雾化使用抗生素是不合理的。
