Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Centre for Healthcare Innovation Research, City, University of London, London, UK.
Health Expect. 2022 Jun;25(3):840-855. doi: 10.1111/hex.13437. Epub 2022 Feb 17.
Patient and public involvement (PPI) has become increasingly important in the development, delivery and improvement of healthcare. PPI is used in healthcare innovation; yet, how it is used has been under-reported. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and map the current available empirical evidence on the role of PPI during different stages of healthcare innovation.
The scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMAScR and included any study published in a peer-reviewed journal between 2004 and 2021 that reported on PPI in healthcare innovation within any healthcare setting or context in any country. The following databases were searched: Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, HMIC and Google Scholar. We included any study type, including quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method studies. We excluded theoretical frameworks, conceptual, scientific or grey literature as well as discussion and opinion papers.
Of the 87 included studies, 81 (93%) focused on or were conducted by authors in developed countries. A wide range of conditions were considered, with more studies focusing on mental health (n = 18, 21%) and cancer care (n = 8, 9%). The vast majority of the studies focused on process and service innovations (n = 62, 71%). Seven studies focused on technological and clinical innovations (8%), while 12 looked at both technological and service innovations (14%). Only five studies examined systems innovation (5%) and one study looked across all types of innovations (1%). PPI is more common in the earlier stages of innovation, particularly problem identification and invention, in comparison to adoption and diffusion.
Healthcare innovation tends to be a lengthy process. Yet, our study highlights that PPI is more common across earlier stages of innovation and focuses mostly on service innovation. Stronger PPI in later stages could support the adoption and diffusion of innovation.
One of the coauthors of the paper (S. S.) is a service user with extensive experience in PPI research. S. S. supported the analysis and writing up of the paper.
患者和公众参与（PPI）在医疗保健的发展、提供和改进中变得越来越重要。PPI 用于医疗保健创新；然而，它的使用情况报告不足。本范围综述的目的是确定和绘制当前关于 PPI 在医疗保健创新不同阶段的作用的现有经验证据，并进行映射。
本范围综述是根据 PRISMA-ScR 进行的，包括 2004 年至 2021 年间在任何国家任何医疗保健环境或背景下报告医疗保健创新中的 PPI 的同行评审期刊上发表的任何研究。搜索了以下数据库：Medline、EMBASE、CINAHL、PsycInfo、HMIC 和 Google Scholar。我们包括任何研究类型，包括定量、定性和混合方法研究。我们排除了理论框架、概念、科学或灰色文献以及讨论和意见论文。
在 87 项纳入的研究中，81 项（93%）重点关注或由发达国家的作者进行。考虑了广泛的条件，更多的研究集中在心理健康（n=18，21%）和癌症护理（n=8，9%）。绝大多数研究侧重于流程和服务创新（n=62，71%）。有 7 项研究专注于技术和临床创新（8%），12 项研究同时关注技术和服务创新（14%）。只有 5 项研究检查了系统创新（5%），1 项研究考察了所有类型的创新（1%）。与采用和推广相比，PPI 在创新的早期阶段更为常见，特别是在问题识别和发明方面。
医疗保健创新往往是一个漫长的过程。然而，我们的研究强调，PPI 在创新的早期阶段更为常见，主要集中在服务创新上。在后期阶段加强 PPI 可以支持创新的采用和推广。
本文的一位合著者（S.S.）是一位具有丰富 PPI 研究经验的服务使用者。S.S. 支持了论文的分析和撰写。
