Department of Psychology, University of North Texas.
Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas.
Psychol Trauma. 2022 Mar;14(3):437-445. doi: 10.1037/tra0001050.
Traumatic event (TE) types have been shown to relate to adverse psychological outcomes. However, research in this area has relied almost exclusively on linear analysis and has been limited to Western countries with similar cultural values. Addressing these limitations, this study examined (a) presence and nature of relations between number of TE types and psychological outcomes and (b) minimum number of TE types predicting psychological symptoms in a culturally distinct sample of ex-military members from India.
The sample of 144 trauma-exposed Indian ex-military members (Mage = 43.49; 90.90% males) completed a web-based survey.
Curvilinear regression analyses indicated quadratic relationships between number of TE types and psychological symptoms (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], depression, and anxiety severity) and resilience. Exploratory analyses showed (a) linear relationships between number of directly experienced TE types and psychological outcomes, (b) quadratic relationships between number of Predominant Death Threat TEs and psychological symptoms, (c) linear relationship between number of Predominant Death Threat TEs and resilience, and (d) linear relationships between other TE categories and psychological outcomes. Nonparametric receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated that a threshold of at least 10.5 TE types provided the optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity in classifying participants with (vs. without) probable PTSD, depression, and generalized anxiety disorder. For those reporting directly experienced TE types, this threshold was 2.5-3.5 TE types.
Study results enhance an understanding of psychological difficulties faced by Indian ex-military members who have experienced multiple TE types, which can inform psychotherapeutic treatments for this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
创伤事件（TE）类型已被证明与不良心理后果有关。然而，该领域的研究几乎完全依赖于线性分析，并且仅限于具有相似文化价值观的西方国家。为了解决这些局限性，本研究检验了（a）TE 类型数量与心理结果之间存在和性质的关系，以及（b）在具有不同文化的印度退伍军人样本中预测心理症状的最小 TE 类型数量。
共有 144 名创伤后暴露的印度退伍军人（平均年龄 = 43.49；90.90%为男性）完成了一项基于网络的调查。
曲线回归分析表明，TE 类型数量与心理症状（创伤后应激障碍 [PTSD]、抑郁和焦虑严重程度）和适应力之间存在二次关系。探索性分析显示（a）直接经历的 TE 类型数量与心理结果之间存在线性关系，（b）主要死亡威胁 TE 类型数量与心理症状之间存在二次关系，（c）主要死亡威胁 TE 类型数量与适应力之间存在线性关系，以及（d）其他 TE 类别与心理结果之间存在线性关系。非参数接收器操作特征曲线分析表明，TE 类型数量至少为 10.5 个可提供在分类 PTSD、抑郁和广泛性焦虑障碍患者（与非患者相比）时的敏感性和特异性之间的最佳平衡。对于那些报告直接经历过 TE 类型的人，这个阈值为 2.5-3.5 个 TE 类型。
研究结果增强了对经历过多种 TE 类型的印度退伍军人所面临的心理困难的理解，这可以为该人群的心理治疗提供信息。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
