Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Kyushu University, Taketa, Japan.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Feb 1;12:797680. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.797680. eCollection 2021.
We hypothesized that maternal low or high nutrition would give unique effects to morphological and molecular dynamics in adipose tissue of fetus of fatty breed Wagyu (Japanese Black) cattle which produce highly marbled beef. This study aimed to determine the effects of maternal energy intake in Wagyu cows, during gestation on fetal adipose tissue development, histochemical properties, and gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression. Cows were allocated to one of two nutritional energy groups: 120% (HIGH) or 60% nutritional requirements of (LOW). Fetuses (n = 6 per treatment) were removed from pregnant cows by cesarean section at fetal age 260 ± 8 days and euthanized. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), thoracic cavity visceral adipose tissue (TVAT), and perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) were collected for analysis. In histochemical analysis, in SAT and PAT, HIGH fetuses had greater diameter of adipocytes than LOW fetuses (P<0.05). Only in SAT, LOW fetuses had more Leptin (LEP) mRNA and tended to have more Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARG) CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins alpha (CEBPA) and Glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 mRNA(P<0.10). In all SAT, TVAT, and PAT, LOW fetuses had higher levels of the brown adipose tissue (BAT) biomarkers Uncoupling Protein (UCP) 1 and PPARG coactivator (PGC) 1α mRNA than HIGH fetuses (P<0.08). Meanwhile, in the other adipose tissue, LOW fetuses had lower PPARG, CEBPA, and Zinc Finger Protein (ZFP) 423 (in TVAT and PAT), FASN (in TVAT), LEP and GLUT4 mRNA (in PAT; P<0.10). In particular, in TVAT and PAT, LOW fetuses exhibited lower expression of WAT biomarkers (PPARG and ZFP423). Differential expression of various miRNAs related to adipogenesis between the LOW and HIGH fetuses was detected in an adipose tissue-specific manner (P<0.10). Based on adipose tissue-specific effects of maternal nutrition, these findings suggested that poor maternal nutrition in Wagyu cattle increased BAT development in SAT, TVAT and PAT, while elevated maternal nutrition stimulated fetal SAT development compared with that of TVAT and PAT.
我们假设母体的低或高营养会对脂肪品种和牛（日本黑）胎儿的脂肪组织形态和分子动力学产生独特的影响，这些牛生产出具有高度大理石花纹的牛肉。本研究旨在确定母体能量摄入对和牛胎儿脂肪组织发育、组织化学特性以及基因和微 RNA（miRNA）表达的影响。将牛分为两组：120%（高）或 60%（低）营养需求。通过剖腹产在胎儿 260±8 天龄时从怀孕的牛中取出胎儿（每个处理 6 个）并安乐死。收集皮下脂肪组织（SAT）、胸腔内脏脂肪组织（TVAT）和肾周脂肪组织（PAT）进行分析。在组织化学分析中，在 SAT 和 PAT 中，高营养组胎儿的脂肪细胞直径大于低营养组胎儿（P<0.05）。仅在 SAT 中，低营养组胎儿的瘦素（LEP）mRNA 较多，且倾向于具有更多的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARG）CCAAT 增强子结合蛋白-α（CEBPA）和葡萄糖转运蛋白（GLUT）4 mRNA（P<0.10）。在所有 SAT、TVAT 和 PAT 中，低营养组胎儿的棕色脂肪组织（BAT）生物标志物解偶联蛋白（UCP）1 和 PPARG 共激活因子（PGC）1α mRNA 水平高于高营养组胎儿（P<0.08）。同时，在其他脂肪组织中，低营养组胎儿的 PPARG、CEBPA 和锌指蛋白（ZFP）423（在 TVAT 和 PAT 中）、FASN（在 TVAT 中）、LEP 和 GLUT4 mRNA（在 PAT 中）较低（P<0.10）。特别是在 TVAT 和 PAT 中，低营养组胎儿的白色脂肪组织生物标志物（PPARG 和 ZFP423）表达较低。在脂肪组织特异性方面检测到低营养和高营养胎儿之间各种与脂肪生成相关的 miRNA 的差异表达（P<0.10）。基于母体营养对脂肪组织的特异性影响，这些发现表明和牛母体营养不良增加了 SAT、TVAT 和 PAT 中的 BAT 发育，而母体营养升高刺激了胎儿 SAT 发育，而不是 TVAT 和 PAT。
