Wang Yufei, Zhang Donghao, Liu Yiping
State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Jul 31;14(15):2225. doi: 10.3390/ani14152225.
The type of muscle fiber plays a crucial role in the growth, development, and dynamic plasticity of animals' skeletal muscle. Additionally, it is a primary determinant of the quality of both fresh and processed meat. Therefore, understanding the regulatory factors that contribute to muscle fibers' heterogeneity is of paramount importance. Recent advances in sequencing and omics technologies have enabled comprehensive cross-verification of research on the factors affecting the types of muscle fiber across multiple levels, including the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. These advancements have facilitated deeper exploration into the related biological questions. This review focused on the impact of individual characteristics, feeding patterns, and genetic regulation on the proportion and interconversion of different muscle fibers. The findings indicated that individual characteristics and feeding patterns significantly influence the type of muscle fiber, which can effectively enhance the type and distribution of muscle fibers in livestock. Furthermore, non-coding RNA, genes and signaling pathways between complicated regulatory mechanisms and interactions have a certain degree of impact on muscle fibers' heterogeneity. This, in turn, changes muscle fiber profile in living animals through genetic selection or environmental factors, and has the potential to modulate the quality of fresh meat. Collectively, we briefly reviewed the structure of skeletal muscle tissue and then attempted to review the inevitable connection between the quality of fresh meat and the type of muscle fiber, with particular attention to potential events involved in regulating muscle fibers' heterogeneity.
肌纤维类型在动物骨骼肌的生长、发育及动态可塑性中起着至关重要的作用。此外，它还是鲜肉和加工肉品质的主要决定因素。因此，了解导致肌纤维异质性的调控因素至关重要。测序和组学技术的最新进展使得能够在多个层面，包括基因组、转录组、蛋白质组和代谢组，对影响肌纤维类型的因素进行全面的交叉验证研究。这些进展促进了对相关生物学问题的更深入探索。本综述聚焦于个体特征、饲养模式和基因调控对不同肌纤维比例及相互转化的影响。研究结果表明，个体特征和饲养模式会显著影响肌纤维类型，这能够有效改善家畜肌纤维的类型和分布。此外，复杂调控机制和相互作用之间的非编码RNA、基因及信号通路对肌纤维的异质性有一定程度的影响。进而，通过基因选择或环境因素改变活体动物的肌纤维特征，并有可能调节鲜肉的品质。我们总体上简要回顾了骨骼肌组织的结构，然后试图阐述鲜肉品质与肌纤维类型之间的必然联系，特别关注了调控肌纤维异质性所涉及的潜在事件。
