Hammer Juliane, Röppenack Paul, Yousuf Sarah, Schnabel Christian, Weber Anke, Zöller Daniela, Koch Edmund, Hans Stefan, Brand Michael
CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Feb 1;9:831322. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.831322. eCollection 2021.
In comparison to mammals, zebrafish are able to regenerate many organs and tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). Within the CNS-derived neural retina, light lesions result in a loss of photoreceptors and the subsequent activation of Müller glia, the retinal stem cells. Müller glia-derived progenitors differentiate and eventually restore the anatomical tissue architecture within 4 weeks. However, little is known about how light lesions impair vision functionally, as well as how and to what extent visual function is restored during the course of regeneration, in particular in adult animals. Here, we applied quantitative behavioral assays to assess restoration of visual function during homeostasis and regeneration in adult zebrafish. We developed a novel vision-dependent social preference test, and show that vision is massively impaired early after lesion, but is restored to pre-lesion levels within 7 days after lesion. Furthermore, we employed a quantitative optokinetic response assay with different degrees of difficulty, similar to vision tests in humans. We found that vision for easy conditions with high contrast and low level of detail, as well as color vision, was restored around 7-10 days post lesion. Vision under more demanding conditions, with low contrast and high level of detail, was regained only later from 14 days post lesion onwards. Taken together, we conclude that vision based on contrast sensitivity, spatial resolution and the perception of colors is restored after light lesion in adult zebrafish in a gradual manner.
与哺乳动物相比，斑马鱼能够再生许多器官和组织，包括中枢神经系统（CNS）。在中枢神经系统衍生的神经视网膜中，光损伤会导致光感受器丧失以及随后视网膜干细胞穆勒胶质细胞的激活。穆勒胶质细胞衍生的祖细胞分化并最终在4周内恢复解剖组织结构。然而，关于光损伤如何在功能上损害视力，以及在再生过程中视觉功能如何恢复以及恢复到何种程度，尤其是在成年动物中，人们了解甚少。在这里，我们应用定量行为分析来评估成年斑马鱼在稳态和再生过程中视觉功能的恢复情况。我们开发了一种新型的视觉依赖型社会偏好测试，并表明损伤后早期视力会受到严重损害，但在损伤后7天内会恢复到损伤前水平。此外，我们采用了具有不同难度程度的定量视动反应分析，类似于人类的视力测试。我们发现，在损伤后约7-10天，高对比度、低细节水平的简单条件下的视力以及色觉得以恢复。在更苛刻条件下，即低对比度、高细节水平下的视力，直到损伤后14天及以后才恢复。综上所述，我们得出结论，成年斑马鱼在光损伤后，基于对比度敏感度、空间分辨率和颜色感知的视力会逐渐恢复。
