FOCUS Lab Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy.
Department of Physics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Brain Struct Funct. 2022 Jun;227(5):1711-1734. doi: 10.1007/s00429-022-02467-0. Epub 2022 Feb 18.
Recent developments in network neuroscience suggest reconsidering what we thought we knew about the default mode network (DMN). Although this network has always been seen as unitary and associated with the resting state, a new deconstructive line of research is pointing out that the DMN could be divided into multiple subsystems supporting different functions. By now, it is well known that the DMN is not only deactivated by tasks, but also involved in affective, mnestic, and social paradigms, among others. Nonetheless, it is starting to become clear that the array of activities in which it is involved, might also be extended to more extrinsic functions. The present meta-analytic study is meant to push this boundary a bit further. The BrainMap database was searched for all experimental paradigms activating the DMN, and their activation likelihood estimation maps were then computed. An additional map of task-induced deactivations was also created. A multidimensional scaling indicated that such maps could be arranged along an anatomo-psychological gradient, which goes from midline core activations, associated with the most internal functions, to that of lateral cortices, involved in more external tasks. Further multivariate investigations suggested that such extrinsic mode is especially related to reward, semantic, and emotional functions. However, an important finding was that the various activation maps were often different from the canonical representation of the resting-state DMN, sometimes overlapping with it only in some peripheral nodes, and including external regions such as the insula. Altogether, our findings suggest that the intrinsic-extrinsic opposition may be better understood in the form of a continuous scale, rather than a dichotomy.
网络神经科学的最新发展表明,我们需要重新思考我们对默认模式网络(DMN)的认知。尽管这个网络一直被视为单一的,与静息状态相关联,但新的解构性研究路线指出,DMN 可能可以分为多个支持不同功能的子系统。到目前为止,人们已经知道 DMN 不仅在任务中被抑制,而且还参与情感、记忆和社交等范式。尽管如此,人们开始清楚地认识到,它所涉及的活动范围也可能扩展到更多的外在功能。本荟萃分析研究旨在进一步推动这一界限。在 BrainMap 数据库中搜索了所有激活 DMN 的实验范式,并计算了它们的激活可能性估计图。还创建了一个任务诱导去激活的额外地图。多维尺度分析表明,这些地图可以沿着一个解剖-心理梯度排列,从与最内部功能相关的中线核心激活到涉及更多外部任务的外侧皮质。进一步的多元分析表明,这种外在模式与奖励、语义和情感功能特别相关。然而,一个重要的发现是,各种激活图通常与静息状态 DMN 的典型表示不同,有时仅在一些外围节点上与静息状态 DMN 重叠,并包括岛叶等外部区域。总之,我们的研究结果表明,内在-外在的对立可能更好地理解为一个连续的尺度,而不是二分法。