Knyazev Gennady G, Savostyanov Alexander N, Bocharov Andrey V, Levin Evgeny A, Rudych Pavel D
Laboratory of Psychophysiology of Individual Differences, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Joint Laboratory of Psychological Genetics at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Nov 10;14:579703. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.579703. eCollection 2020.
Neuroimaging studies have revealed a multitude of brain regions associated with self- and other-referential processing, but the question how the distinction between self, close other, and distant other is processed in the brain still remains unanswered. The default mode network (DMN) is the primary network associated with the processing of self, whereas task-positive networks (TPN) are indispensable for the processing of external objects. We hypothesize that self- and close-other-processing would engage DMN more than TPN, whereas distant-other-processing would engage TPN to a greater extent. To test this hypothesis, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) functional connectivity data obtained in the course of a trait adjective judgment task while subjects evaluated themselves, the best friend, a neutral stranger, and an unpleasant person. A positive association between the degree of self-relatedness and the degree of DMN dominance was revealed in cortical midline structures (CMS) and the left lateral prefrontal cortex. Relative to TPN, DMN showed greater connectivity in me than in friend, in friend than in stranger, and in stranger than in unpleasant conditions. These results show that the less the evaluated person is perceived as self-related, the more the balance of activity in the brain shifts from the DMN to the TPN.
神经影像学研究已经揭示了许多与自我及他人参照加工相关的脑区，但大脑如何处理自我、亲密他人和疏远他人之间的区别这一问题仍然没有答案。默认模式网络（DMN）是与自我加工相关的主要网络，而任务积极网络（TPN）对于外部物体的加工必不可少。我们假设，自我及亲密他人加工相比于TPN会更多地激活DMN，而疏远他人加工则会在更大程度上激活TPN。为了验证这一假设，我们使用了在特质形容词判断任务过程中获得的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）功能连接数据，在此任务中，受试者对自己、最好的朋友、一个中立的陌生人以及一个令人讨厌的人进行评价。在皮质中线结构（CMS）和左侧前额叶皮质中，自我相关性程度与DMN优势程度之间呈现出正相关。相对于TPN，DMN在“我”的情况下比在“朋友”的情况下具有更强的连接性，在“朋友”的情况下比在“陌生人”的情况下更强，在“陌生人”的情况下比在“令人讨厌的人”的情况下更强。这些结果表明，被评价的人与自我的相关性越低，大脑活动的平衡就越从DMN向TPN转移。
