From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota.
Anesth Analg. 2022 Mar 1;134(3):524-531. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005858.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases continue to surge in the United States with the emergence of new variants. Statewide variability and inconsistency in implementing risk mitigation strategies are widespread, particularly in regards to enforcing mask mandates and encouraging the public to become fully vaccinated.
This is a cross-sectional study conducted on July 31, 2021, utilizing publicly available data from the Wisconsin Department of Health Services. The authors abstracted data on total COVID-19-related cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in the state of Wisconsin. The primary objective was comparison of total COVID-19-related cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in vaccinated versus unvaccinated people in the state of Wisconsin over a 31-day period (July 2021). Furthermore, we also performed a narrative review of the literature on COVID-19-related outcomes based on mask use and vaccination status.
In the state of Wisconsin during July 2021, total COVID-19 cases was 125.4 per 100,000 fully vaccinated people versus 369.2 per 100,000 not fully vaccinated people (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.35; P < .001). Total COVID-19 hospitalizations was 4.9 per 100,000 fully vaccinated people versus 18.2 per 100,000 not fully vaccinated people (OR = 0.27, 98% CI, 0.22-0.32; P < .001). Total COVID-19 deaths was 0.1 per 100,000 fully vaccinated people versus 1.1 per 100,000 not fully vaccinated people (OR = 0.09, 95% CI, 0.03-0.29; P < .001). Narrative review of the literature demonstrated high vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 infection prevention (79%-100% among fully vaccinated people), COVID-19-related hospitalization (87%-98% among fully vaccinated people), and COVID-19-related death (96.7%-98% among fully vaccinated people). Studies have also generally reported that mask use was associated with increased effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 infection ≤70%.
Strict adherence to public mask use and fully vaccinated status are associated with improved COVID-19-related outcomes and can mitigate the spread, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19. Anesthesiologists and intensivists should adhere to evidence-based guidelines in their approach and management of patients to help mitigate spread.
随着新变种的出现，美国 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）病例继续激增。全州范围内实施风险缓解策略的差异和不一致性普遍存在，尤其是在执行口罩强制令和鼓励公众全面接种疫苗方面。
这是一项横断面研究，于 2021 年 7 月 31 日利用威斯康星州卫生署提供的公开数据进行。作者从威斯康星州提取了与 COVID-19 相关的总病例、住院和死亡数据。主要目的是比较 31 天（2021 年 7 月）期间接种疫苗和未接种疫苗人群中与 COVID-19 相关的总病例、住院和死亡人数。此外，我们还根据口罩使用和疫苗接种情况对 COVID-19 相关结局的文献进行了叙述性综述。
2021 年 7 月，威斯康星州每 10 万人中完全接种疫苗的人中有 125.4 例 COVID-19 病例，而未完全接种疫苗的人中有 369.2 例（比值比[OR] = 0.34，95%置信区间[CI]，0.33-0.35；P <.001）。每 10 万人中完全接种疫苗的人中有 4.9 例 COVID-19 住院病例，而未完全接种疫苗的人中有 18.2 例（OR = 0.27，98%CI，0.22-0.32；P <.001）。每 10 万人中完全接种疫苗的人中有 0.1 例 COVID-19 死亡，而未完全接种疫苗的人中有 1.1 例（OR = 0.09，95%CI，0.03-0.29；P <.001）。文献综述表明，疫苗对 COVID-19 感染预防（完全接种者中为 79%-100%）、COVID-19 相关住院治疗（完全接种者中为 87%-98%）和 COVID-19 相关死亡（完全接种者中为 96.7%-98%）具有高度有效性。研究还普遍报告，口罩使用与预防 COVID-19 感染的有效性增加有关（≤70%的完全接种者）。
严格遵守公众口罩使用和完全接种疫苗的规定与改善 COVID-19 相关结局有关，并有助于减轻 COVID-19 的传播、发病率和死亡率。麻醉师和重症监护医生应遵循循证指南，对患者进行处理和管理，以帮助减轻传播。
