Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Int J Infect Dis. 2021 May;106:199-207. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.056. Epub 2021 Mar 23.
To determine patterns of mask wearing and other infection prevention behaviours, over two time periods of the COVID-19 pandemic, in cities where mask wearing was not a cultural norm.
A cross-sectional survey of masks and other preventive behaviours in adults aged ≥18 years was conducted in five cities: Sydney and Melbourne, Australia; London, UK; and Phoenix and New York, USA. Data were analysed according to the epidemiology of COVID-19, mask mandates and a range of predictors of mask wearing.
The most common measures used were avoiding public areas (80.4%), hand hygiene (76.4%), wearing masks (71.8%) and distancing (67.6%). Over 40% of people avoided medical facilities. These measures decreased from March-July 2020. Pandemic fatigue was associated with younger age, low perceived severity of COVID-19 and declining COVID-19 prevalence. Predictors of mask wearing were location (US, UK), mandates, age <50 years, education, having symptoms and knowing someone with COVID-19. Negative experiences with mask wearing and low perceived severity of COVID-19 reduced mask wearing. Most respondents (98%) believed that hand washing and distancing were necessary, and 80% reported no change or stricter adherence to these measures when wearing masks.
Pandemic mitigation measures were widely reported across all cities, but decreased between March and July 2020. Pandemic fatigue was more common in younger people. Cities with mandates had higher rates of mask wearing. Promotion of mask use for older people may be useful. Masks did not result in a reduction of other hygiene measures.
在两个 COVID-19 大流行时期，确定在不戴口罩不是文化规范的城市中戴口罩和其他感染预防行为的模式。
在澳大利亚的悉尼和墨尔本、英国的伦敦以及美国的凤凰城和纽约这五个城市，对年龄≥18 岁的成年人进行了一项关于口罩和其他预防措施的横断面调查。根据 COVID-19 的流行病学、口罩强制令和一系列口罩佩戴预测因素对数据进行了分析。
最常采取的措施是避免公共场所（80.4%）、手部卫生（76.4%）、戴口罩（71.8%）和保持距离（67.6%）。超过 40%的人避免前往医疗设施。这些措施在 2020 年 3 月至 7 月期间有所减少。大流行疲劳与年龄较小、COVID-19 严重程度低以及 COVID-19 流行率下降有关。戴口罩的预测因素包括地点（美国、英国）、强制令、年龄<50 岁、教育程度、有症状和认识 COVID-19 患者。对戴口罩的负面经历和 COVID-19 严重程度低会降低戴口罩的意愿。大多数受访者（98%）认为洗手和保持距离是必要的，当戴口罩时，80%的人报告这些措施没有变化或更严格地遵守。
所有城市都广泛报告了大流行缓解措施，但在 2020 年 3 月至 7 月期间有所减少。年轻人群中更常见大流行疲劳。有强制令的城市口罩佩戴率更高。为老年人推广使用口罩可能是有用的。口罩的使用并没有减少其他卫生措施。
