The Safina Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 18;12(1):2833. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06875-4.
Fisheries bycatch threatens the viability of some seabird populations and reduces fishing efficiency. Albatross bycatch in a US North Pacific tuna longline fishery has increased over the past decade and now exceeds 1000 annual captures. Seabirds interacting with this fishery reach hooks at depths up to 1 m. A branchline weight's mass and distance from the hook affect seabird catch rates. We conducted experimental fishing to compare the commercial viability of a weighted hook relative to conventional gear with weights attached 0.75 m from the hook. We used a Bayesian random effects meta-analytic regression modelling approach to estimate pooled expected species-specific log relative risk of capture on conventional versus experimental gear. There was a significant 53% (95% HDI: - 75 to - 25%) decrease in retained species' catch rates on experimental hooks, indicating an unacceptable economic cost, and no significant effect for discarded species. Using a Bayesian general linear mixed regression modelling approach, experimental hooks sank to 85 cm ca. 1.4 times (95% HDI: 1.37-1.48) faster than control hooks. Given their potential to reduce seabird catch rates, eliminate safety risks from bite-offs and facilitate robust compliance monitoring, it is a priority to find a weighted hook design with acceptable catch rates.
渔业副渔获物威胁到一些海鸟种群的生存能力，并降低了捕鱼效率。在过去十年中，美国北太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔业中的信天翁副渔获物增加，现在每年超过 1000 只。与该渔业互动的海鸟在鱼钩深度可达 1 米处触钩。支线重量的质量和距离鱼钩的远近会影响海鸟的捕获率。我们进行了实验性捕鱼，以比较带有重量的钩与传统渔具在商业上的可行性，传统渔具的重量附在离钩 0.75 米处。我们使用贝叶斯随机效应荟萃分析回归模型方法来估计常规和实验性渔具对特定物种的相对捕获风险的汇总预期对数。实验性鱼钩上保留物种的捕获率显著降低了 53%（95%HDI：-75 至-25%），这表明经济成本不可接受，而对废弃物种没有显著影响。使用贝叶斯一般线性混合回归模型方法，实验性鱼钩下沉到 85 厘米处的速度比对照钩快约 1.4 倍（95%HDI：1.37-1.48）。鉴于它们有可能降低海鸟的捕获率，消除咬钩的安全风险，并促进强有力的合规监测，因此优先寻找具有可接受捕获率的加重钩设计。
