Shahandeh Ali, Bui Bang V, Finkelstein David I, Nguyen Christine T O
Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Front Neurosci. 2022 Feb 3;15:794809. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.794809. eCollection 2021.
Iron plays an important role in a wide range of metabolic pathways that are important for neuronal health. Excessive levels of iron, however, can promote toxicity and cell death. An example of an iron overload disorder is hemochromatosis (HH) which is a genetic disorder of iron metabolism in which the body's ability to regulate iron absorption is altered, resulting in iron build-up and injury in several organs. The retina was traditionally assumed to be protected from high levels of systemic iron overload by the blood-retina barrier. However, recent data shows that expression of genes that are associated with HH can disrupt retinal iron metabolism. Thus, the effects of iron overload on the retina have become an area of research interest, as excessively high levels of iron are implicated in several retinal disorders, most notably age-related macular degeneration. This review is an effort to highlight risk factors for excessive levels of systemic iron build-up in the retina and its potential impact on the eye health. Information is integrated across clinical and preclinical animal studies to provide insights into the effects of systemic iron loading on the retina.
铁在对神经元健康至关重要的广泛代谢途径中发挥着重要作用。然而，铁水平过高会促进毒性作用和细胞死亡。铁过载疾病的一个例子是血色素沉着症（HH），它是一种铁代谢的遗传疾病，其中人体调节铁吸收的能力发生改变，导致铁在多个器官中积累并造成损伤。传统上认为视网膜受到血视网膜屏障的保护，免受高水平的全身性铁过载影响。然而，最近的数据表明，与HH相关的基因表达会扰乱视网膜铁代谢。因此，铁过载对视网膜的影响已成为一个研究热点，因为过高的铁水平与几种视网膜疾病有关，最显著的是年龄相关性黄斑变性。这篇综述旨在强调视网膜中全身性铁积累过多的风险因素及其对眼部健康的潜在影响。综合了临床和临床前动物研究的信息，以深入了解全身性铁负荷对视网膜的影响。
