Li Fupeng, Liu Fengxiang, Huang Kai, Yang Shengbing
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Feb 4;10:827960. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.827960. eCollection 2022.
With the abuse and misuse of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance has become a challenging issue in the medical system. Iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens pose serious threats to global human life and health because the efficacy of traditional antibiotics has been greatly reduced and the resulting socio-economic burden has increased. It is important to find and develop non-antibiotic-dependent antibacterial strategies because the development of new antibiotics can hardly keep pace with the emergence of resistant bacteria. Gallium (III) is a multi-target antibacterial agent that has an excellent antibacterial activity, especially against MDR pathogens; thus, a gallium (III)-based treatment is expected to become a new antibacterial strategy. However, some limitations of gallium ions as antimicrobials still exist, including low bioavailability and explosive release. In recent years, with the development of nanomaterials and clathrates, the progress of manufacturing technology, and the emergence of synergistic antibacterial strategies, the antibacterial activities of gallium have greatly improved, and the scope of application in medical systems has expanded. This review summarizes the advancement of current optimization for these key factors. This review will enrich the knowledge about the efficiency and mechanism of various gallium-based antibacterial agents and provide strategies for the improvement of the antibacterial activity of gallium-based compounds.
随着抗生素的滥用和误用，抗菌药物耐药性已成为医疗系统中一个具有挑战性的问题。由多重耐药（MDR）病原体引起的医源性和非医源性感染对全球人类生命和健康构成严重威胁，因为传统抗生素的疗效已大大降低，由此产生的社会经济负担也有所增加。寻找和开发不依赖抗生素的抗菌策略很重要，因为新抗生素的研发几乎跟不上耐药菌的出现。镓（III）是一种多靶点抗菌剂，具有出色的抗菌活性，尤其是对多重耐药病原体；因此，基于镓（III）的治疗有望成为一种新的抗菌策略。然而，镓离子作为抗菌剂仍存在一些局限性，包括生物利用度低和爆发性释放。近年来，随着纳米材料和包合物的发展、制造技术的进步以及协同抗菌策略的出现，镓的抗菌活性有了很大提高，在医疗系统中的应用范围也有所扩大。本综述总结了当前针对这些关键因素进行优化的进展。本综述将丰富有关各种镓基抗菌剂的效率和作用机制的知识，并为提高镓基化合物的抗菌活性提供策略。
