Madan Somya, Uttekar Bhavin, Chowdhary Sayali, Rikhy Richa
Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Feb 2;9:781933. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781933. eCollection 2021.
The dynamics, distribution and activity of subcellular organelles are integral to regulating cell shape changes during various physiological processes such as epithelial cell formation, cell migration and morphogenesis. Mitochondria are famously known as the powerhouse of the cell and play an important role in buffering calcium, releasing reactive oxygen species and key metabolites for various activities in a eukaryotic cell. Mitochondrial dynamics and morphology changes regulate these functions and their regulation is, in turn, crucial for various morphogenetic processes. In this review, we evaluate recent literature which highlights the role of mitochondrial morphology and activity during cell shape changes in epithelial cell formation, cell division, cell migration and tissue morphogenesis during organism development and in disease. In general, we find that mitochondrial shape is regulated for their distribution or translocation to the sites of active cell shape dynamics or morphogenesis. Often, key metabolites released locally and molecules buffered by mitochondria play crucial roles in regulating signaling pathways that motivate changes in cell shape, mitochondrial shape and mitochondrial activity. We conclude that mechanistic analysis of interactions between mitochondrial morphology, activity, signaling pathways and cell shape changes across the various cell and animal-based model systems holds the key to deciphering the common principles for this interaction.
亚细胞器的动态变化、分布及活性对于调控细胞在多种生理过程中的形状改变至关重要，这些生理过程包括上皮细胞形成、细胞迁移和形态发生。线粒体素有细胞动力源之称，在缓冲钙、释放活性氧以及为真核细胞的各种活动提供关键代谢物方面发挥着重要作用。线粒体的动态变化和形态改变调节着这些功能，而这些功能的调节对于各种形态发生过程至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们评估了近期的文献，这些文献强调了线粒体形态和活性在生物体发育和疾病过程中上皮细胞形成、细胞分裂、细胞迁移及组织形态发生的细胞形状改变过程中的作用。总体而言，我们发现线粒体的形状是为了其分布或转运至活跃的细胞形状动态变化或形态发生部位而受到调控。通常，局部释放的关键代谢物以及由线粒体缓冲的分子在调节驱动细胞形状、线粒体形状和线粒体活性变化的信号通路中发挥着关键作用。我们得出结论，对线粒体形态、活性、信号通路以及细胞形状变化之间相互作用进行机制分析，涵盖各种细胞和基于动物的模型系统，是解读这种相互作用共同原理的关键所在。
