College of Sports and Health.
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education.
Nutr Hosp. 2022 Jun 24;39(3):506-512. doi: 10.20960/nh.03861.
Introduction: based on the presumed relationship between physical activity and physical fitness, it seems reasonable to expect that being active would result in sufficient fitness levels. However, the relationship between physical activity and fitness is not so plausible and needs deeper exploration. Objectives: we conducted a study aimed at exploring: a) the potential variation in physical activity level by gender and school grade; and b) the effect of physical activity level, gender, and nutritional status on physical fitness test results. Methods: a total of 2795 males and 2614 females participated in the study (11-14 years). Their physical fitness was assessed by measuring anthropometric status, muscular fitness, endurance, flexibility, agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness, while their physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-A). Results: a higher percentage of boys were highly active, while a higher percentage of girls were scarcely active (χ2 [2, n = 5017] = 151.4, p < 0.01). Decline in physical activity with age was higher in girls than in boys (χ2 [6, n = 5409] = 90.4, p < 0.01). MANOVA revealed a significant effect of gender (V = 0.009, F [6, 3669] = 5.29, p < 0.01), nutritional status (V = 0.193, F [12, 7340] = 65.16, p < 0.01) and physical activity levels (V = 0.043, F [12, 7340] = 13.60, p < 0.01) on tests outcomes. Conclusions: our study has shown that activity level in Serbian schoolchildren declines with age and is affected by nutritional status. Nutritional status represents a significant factor confounding physical fitness scores, regardless of activity levels.
基于身体活动与身体健康之间假定的关系，我们有理由期望积极活动会带来足够的健康水平。然而，身体活动与健康之间的关系并非如此简单，需要更深入的探索。目的：我们进行了一项研究，旨在探索：a）性别和学校年级对身体活动水平的潜在差异；b）身体活动水平、性别和营养状况对身体素质测试结果的影响。方法：共有 2795 名男生和 2614 名女生（年龄 11-14 岁）参加了这项研究。他们的身体素质通过测量身体形态、肌肉力量、耐力、柔韧性、敏捷性和心肺健康来评估，而他们的身体活动水平则使用体力活动问卷（PAQ-A）进行评估。结果：更多的男孩是高度活跃的，而更多的女孩是很少活动的（χ2[2，n=5017]=151.4，p<0.01）。与男孩相比，女孩的身体活动水平随年龄增长而下降的幅度更大（χ2[6，n=5409]=90.4，p<0.01）。MANOVA 显示，性别（V=0.009，F[6，3669]=5.29，p<0.01）、营养状况（V=0.193，F[12，7340]=65.16，p<0.01）和身体活动水平（V=0.043，F[12，7340]=13.60，p<0.01）对测试结果有显著影响。结论：我们的研究表明，塞尔维亚学童的活动水平随年龄增长而下降，并受营养状况影响。营养状况是影响身体素质评分的一个重要因素，无论活动水平如何。
