Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India.
Asian J Psychiatr. 2022 Apr;70:103025. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103025. Epub 2022 Feb 15.
There has been growing interest in the links between physical frailty and cognitive impairment: both can increase the risk of emerging life-threatening health problems and are currently prominent within the global geriatric health agenda. A recent consensus proposes the idea of 'cognitive frailty' defined by the presence of both physical frailty and cognitive impairment in the absence of dementia. Present study is intended to determine the prevalence of cognitive frailty and its associated factors.
Cross-sectional survey was conducted among the rural community-dwelling elderly population of West Bengal, India (n = 510), without diagnosed dementia at baseline. An Interview-based questionnaire was administered to obtain information on sociodemographic, physical and psychosocial characteristics. Study participants were categorized as non-cognitive impairment (NCI) and cognitive impairment (CI) by Bangla Adaptation of Mini-Mental State Exam (BMSE ≤ 25) scale, as non-physical frailty (NPF) and physical frailty (PF) using Modified Fried Frailty Phenotype (FP ≥ 3) scale, as robust (NPF + NCI), pre-cognitive frailty (NPF + CI or PF + NCI) and cognitive frailty (PF + CI).
The overall prevalence of cognitive frailty was 21.8%. In multinomial regression analysis, final model indicated that increasing age, being woman, out-of-wedlock, poor education and non-working sociodemographic status had significant association with cognitive frailty. Poor nutritional status, low health-related quality of life and depression are also prone among the cognitively frail participants.
Present study allows us to understand complementary relationships between sociodemographic, physical, psychosocial characteristics and cognitive frailty. There is a dire need for multidimensional approach for providing appropriate and comprehensive geriatric health care for developing countries like India.
人们对身体虚弱和认知障碍之间的联系越来越感兴趣：两者都可能增加出现危及生命的健康问题的风险，并且目前在全球老年健康议程中占据重要地位。最近的共识提出了“认知衰弱”的概念，即身体虚弱和认知障碍同时存在，但没有痴呆症。本研究旨在确定认知衰弱的患病率及其相关因素。
本横断面研究在印度西孟加拉邦的农村社区居住的老年人中进行（n=510），基线时无诊断为痴呆症。通过基于访谈的问卷获取社会人口学、身体和心理社会特征的信息。研究参与者根据孟加拉语改编的简易精神状态检查（Bangla Adaptation of Mini-Mental State Exam，BMSE≤25 分）量表分为非认知障碍（non-cognitive impairment，NCI）和认知障碍（cognitive impairment，CI），根据改良 Fried 衰弱表型（Modified Fried Frailty Phenotype，FP≥3 分）量表分为非身体虚弱（non-physical frailty，NPF）和身体虚弱（physical frailty，PF），分为稳健（NPF+NCI）、前认知衰弱（NPF+CI 或 PF+NCI）和认知衰弱（PF+CI）。
认知衰弱的总患病率为 21.8%。在多变量回归分析中，最终模型表明，年龄增长、女性、未婚、受教育程度低和非就业的社会人口统计学状况与认知衰弱显著相关。营养状况差、健康相关生活质量低和抑郁也更容易发生在认知衰弱的参与者中。
本研究使我们能够理解社会人口学、身体、心理社会特征与认知衰弱之间的互补关系。印度等发展中国家迫切需要采取多维方法提供适当和全面的老年保健。
