Bonfanti Alessandra, Duque Julia, Kabla Alexandre, Charras Guillaume
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy.
London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK.
Trends Cell Biol. 2022 Jun;32(6):537-551. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.01.005. Epub 2022 Feb 18.
During development and in adult physiology, living tissues are continuously subjected to mechanical stresses originating either from cellular processes intrinsic to the tissue or from external forces. As a consequence, rupture is a constant risk and can arise as a result of excessive stresses or because of tissue weakening through genetic abnormalities or pathologies. Tissue fracture is a multiscale process involving the unzipping of intercellular adhesions at the molecular scale in response to stresses arising at the tissue or cellular scale that are transmitted to adhesion complexes via the cytoskeleton. In this review we detail experimental characterization and theoretical approaches for understanding the fracture of living tissues at the tissue, cellular, and molecular scales.
在发育过程和成年生理学中，活组织不断受到机械应力的作用，这些应力要么源于组织固有的细胞过程，要么源于外力。因此，破裂是一种持续存在的风险，可能由于应力过大，也可能由于遗传异常或病理导致的组织弱化而产生。组织断裂是一个多尺度过程，涉及在分子尺度上细胞间粘附的解开，以响应在组织或细胞尺度上产生的应力，这些应力通过细胞骨架传递到粘附复合体。在这篇综述中，我们详细介绍了用于理解活组织在组织、细胞和分子尺度上断裂的实验表征和理论方法。
