Institute of Social and Economic Geography and Spatial Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bedzinska 60, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Bedzinska 60, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 22;12(1):2982. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06847-8.
The impact of multiple years of underground mining of minerals on changes in the elevation of an urban area has been evaluated using the case study of Bytom in southern Poland. Between 1883 and 2011, that city experienced changes in absolute minimum (from 250.0 to 243.0 m a.s.l.) and maximum (from 340.0 to 348.4 m a.s.l.) elevations. During that period, the difference between minimum and maximum elevations increased from 90.0 to 105.4 m. The consequence of underground mining has been the formation of extensive subsidence basins with a maximum depth of 35 m. Where the terrain became raised, its elevation rose most commonly by 1.1 m to 5.0 m, with maximum increase in elevation caused by human activity amounting to 35 m. The rate of anthropogenic subsidence in the city between 1883 and 2011 averaged 43 mm/year (5.5 m over the study period).
利用波兰南部比托姆的案例研究，评估了多年地下采矿对城区海拔变化的影响。从 1883 年到 2011 年，该市经历了绝对海拔最低点（从 250.0 米到 243.0 米）和最高点（从 340.0 米到 348.4 米）的变化。在此期间，最低和最高海拔之间的差值从 90.0 米增加到 105.4 米。地下采矿的后果是形成了最大深度为 35 米的广泛沉降盆地。在地形升高的地方，其海拔升高通常为 1.1 米至 5.0 米，人为活动造成的最大海拔升高达到 35 米。1883 年至 2011 年间，该市人为沉降的速度平均为每年 43 毫米（研究期间沉降 5.5 米）。
