Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Feb 23;10(1):e0185321. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01853-21.
We recently carried out a metagenomic study to determine the fecal virome of infants during their first year of life in a semirural community in Mexico. A total of 97 stool samples from nine children were collected starting 2 weeks after birth and monthly thereafter until 12 months of age. In this work, we describe the prevalence and incidence of caliciviruses in this birth cohort. We found that 54 (56%) and 24 (25%) of the samples were positive for norovirus and sapovirus sequence reads detected by next-generation sequencing, respectively. Potential infections were arbitrarily considered when at least 20% of the complete virus genome was determined. Considering only these samples, there were 3 cases per child/year for norovirus and 0.33 cases per child/year for sapovirus. All nine children had sequence reads related to norovirus in at least 2 and up to 10 samples, and 8 children excreted sapovirus sequence reads in 1 and up to 5 samples during the study. The virus in 35 samples could be genotyped. The results showed a high diversity of both norovirus (GI.3[P13], GI.5, GII.4, GII.4[P16], GII.7[P7], and GII.17[P17]) and sapovirus (GI.1, GI.7, and GII.4) in the community. Of interest, despite the frequent detection of caliciviruses in the stools, all children remained asymptomatic during the study. Our results clearly show that metagenomic studies in stools may reveal a detailed picture of the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal viruses in the human gut during the first year of life. Human caliciviruses are important etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age. Several studies have characterized their association with childhood diarrhea and their presence in nondiarrheal stool samples. In this work, we used a next-generation sequencing approach to determine, in a longitudinal study, the fecal virome of infants during their first year of life. Using this method, we found that caliciviruses can be detected significantly more frequently than previously reported, providing a more detailed picture of the prevalence and genetic diversity of these viruses in the human gut during early life.
我们最近进行了一项宏基因组研究，以确定墨西哥一个半农村社区婴儿在其生命的第一年中的粪便病毒组。从出生后 2 周开始，我们共收集了 9 名儿童的 97 份粪便样本，并在其后每月收集一次，直到 12 个月大。在这项工作中，我们描述了该出生队列中杯状病毒的流行率和发病率。我们发现，通过下一代测序分别检测到 54 份（56%）和 24 份（25%）粪便样本中存在诺如病毒和 sapovirus 序列读段。当至少确定 20%的完整病毒基因组时，可任意认为存在潜在感染。仅考虑这些样本，每个儿童/年有 3 例诺如病毒病例和 0.33 例 sapovirus 病例。所有 9 名儿童的至少 2 份且最多 10 份样本中均存在与诺如病毒相关的序列读段，在研究期间，8 名儿童的 1 份至 5 份样本中排出了 sapovirus 序列读段。在 35 份样本中可以对病毒进行基因分型。结果表明，无论是在社区中，还是在诺如病毒（GI.3[P13]、GI.5、GII.4、GII.4[P16]、GII.7[P7]和 GII.17[P17]）和 sapovirus（GI.1、GI.7 和 GII.4）中，病毒的多样性均很高。有趣的是，尽管在粪便中频繁检测到杯状病毒，但在整个研究过程中所有儿童均无症状。我们的研究结果清楚地表明，粪便宏基因组研究可以揭示人类生命第一年中胃肠道病毒的流行率和多样性的详细情况。人类杯状病毒是 5 岁以下儿童急性肠胃炎的重要病因。多项研究已将其与儿童腹泻相关联，并在非腹泻性粪便样本中发现了它们的存在。在这项工作中，我们使用下一代测序方法在一项纵向研究中确定了婴儿在其生命的第一年中的粪便病毒组。使用这种方法，我们发现杯状病毒的检测频率明显高于先前的报道，从而更详细地了解了这些病毒在生命早期的人类肠道中的流行率和遗传多样性。
