Pombal Manuel A, Megías Manuel, Lozano Daniel, López Jesús M
Neurolam Group, Facultade de Bioloxía-IBIV, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Front Neuroanat. 2022 Feb 7;16:826087. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2022.826087. eCollection 2022.
This study reports for the first time the distribution and morphological characterization of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d; a reliable marker of nitric oxide synthase activity) positive elements in the central nervous system of the adult river lamprey () on the framework of the neuromeric model and compares their cytoarchitectonic organization with that of gnathostomes. Both NADPH-d exhibiting cells and fibers were observed in all major divisions of the lamprey brain as well as in the spinal cord. In the secondary prosencephalon, NADPH-d positive cells were observed in the mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb, evaginated pallium, amygdala, dorsal striatum, septum, lateral preoptic nucleus, caudal paraventricular area, posterior entopeduncular nucleus, nucleus of the stria medullaris, hypothalamic periventricular organ and mamillary region . In the lamprey diencephalon, NADPH-d labeled cells were observed in several nuclei of the prethalamus, epithalamus, pretectum, and the basal plate. Especially remarkable was the staining observed in the right habenula and several pretectal nuclei. NADPH-d positive cells were also observed in the following mesencephalic areas: optic tectum (two populations), torus semicircularis, nucleus M5 of Schöber, and a ventral tegmental periventricular nucleus. Five different cell populations were observed in the isthmic region, whereas the large sensory dorsal cells, some cells located in the interpeduncular nucleus, the motor nuclei of most cranial nerves, the solitary tract nucleus, some cells of the reticular nuclei, and small cerebrospinal fluid-contacting (CSF-c) cells were the most evident stained cells of the rhombencephalon proper. Finally, several NADPH-d positive cells were observed in the rostral part of the spinal cord, including the large sensory dorsal cells, numerous CSF-c cells, and some dorsal and lateral interneurons. NADPH-d positive fibers were observed in the olfactory pathways (primary olfactory fibers and stria medullaris), the fasciculus retroflexus, and the dorsal column tract. Our results on the distribution of NADPH-d positive elements in the brain of the adult lamprey are significantly different from those previously reported in larval lampreys and demonstrated that these animals possess a complex nitrergic system readily comparable to those of other vertebrates, although important specific differences also exist.
本研究首次在神经节模型框架下报告了成年河鳗（）中枢神经系统中烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸黄递酶（NADPH-d；一氧化氮合酶活性的可靠标志物）阳性元件的分布及形态特征，并将其细胞构筑组织与有颌类动物进行了比较。在七鳃鳗脑的所有主要分区以及脊髓中均观察到了NADPH-d阳性细胞和纤维。在中脑，NADPH-d阳性细胞见于嗅球的 mitral 细胞层、外翻大脑皮层、杏仁核、背侧纹状体、隔区、外侧视前核、尾侧室旁区、后脚内核、髓纹核、下丘脑室周器官和乳头体区域。在七鳃鳗间脑，在前丘脑、上丘脑、顶盖前区和基板的几个核中观察到NADPH-d标记细胞。尤其值得注意的是右侧缰核和几个顶盖前核中的染色。在中脑的以下区域也观察到了NADPH-d阳性细胞：视顶盖（两类细胞群）、半规管隆起、Schöber 的 M5 核以及腹侧被盖室周核。在峡部区域观察到了五种不同的细胞群，而大型感觉背侧细胞、一些位于脚间核的细胞、大多数脑神经的运动核、孤束核、网状核的一些细胞以及小型脑脊液接触（CSF-c）细胞是后脑本身最明显的染色细胞。最后，在脊髓的头端部分观察到了几个NADPH-d阳性细胞，包括大型感觉背侧细胞、大量CSF-c细胞以及一些背侧和外侧中间神经元。在嗅觉通路（初级嗅觉纤维和髓纹）、回返束和背柱束中观察到了NADPH-d阳性纤维。我们关于成年七鳃鳗脑中NADPH-d阳性元件分布的结果与先前在幼体七鳃鳗中报道的结果显著不同，表明这些动物拥有一个与其他脊椎动物相当的复杂的一氧化氮能系统，尽管也存在重要的特定差异。
