Meng Lin, Jin Mengyue, Zhu Xiaodong, Ming Dong
Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Feb 7;14:795454. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.795454. eCollection 2022.
Parkinsonian tremor is one of the most common motor disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Compared to oral medications and brain surgery, electrical stimulation approaches have emerged as effective and non-invasive methods for tremor reduction. The pathophysiology, detection and interventions of tremors have been introduced, however, a systematic review of peripherical electrical stimulation approaches, methodologies, experimental design and clinical outcomes for PD tremor suppression is still missing. Therefore, in this paper, we summarized recent studies on electrical stimulation for tremor suppression in PD patients and discussed stimulation protocols and effectiveness of different types of electrical stimulation approaches in detail. Twenty out of 528 papers published from 2010 to 2021 July were reviewed. The results show that electrical stimulation is an efficient intervention for tremor suppression. The methods fall into three main categories according to the mechanisms: namely functional electrical stimulation (FES), sensory electrical stimulation (SES) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). The outcomes of tremor suppression were varied due to various stimulation approaches, electrode locations and stimulation parameters. The FES method performed the best in tremor attenuation where the efficiency depends mainly by the control strategy and accuracy of tremor detection. However, the mechanism underlying tremor suppression with SES and TENS, is not well-known. Current electrical stimulation approaches may only work for a number of patients. The potential mechanism of tremor suppression still needs to be further explored.
帕金森震颤是帕金森病（PD）患者中最常见的运动障碍之一。与口服药物和脑部手术相比，电刺激方法已成为减轻震颤的有效且非侵入性的方法。虽然已经介绍了震颤的病理生理学、检测和干预措施，但是对于用于抑制PD震颤的外周电刺激方法、方法学、实验设计和临床结果仍缺乏系统的综述。因此，在本文中，我们总结了近期关于电刺激抑制PD患者震颤的研究，并详细讨论了不同类型电刺激方法的刺激方案和有效性。我们回顾了2010年至2021年7月发表的528篇论文中的20篇。结果表明，电刺激是抑制震颤的有效干预措施。根据作用机制，这些方法主要分为三大类：即功能性电刺激（FES）、感觉性电刺激（SES）和经皮电刺激神经（TENS）。由于刺激方法、电极位置和刺激参数的不同，震颤抑制的效果也各不相同。FES方法在震颤减弱方面表现最佳，其效果主要取决于控制策略和震颤检测的准确性。然而，SES和TENS抑制震颤的潜在机制尚不清楚。目前的电刺激方法可能只对部分患者有效。震颤抑制的潜在机制仍需进一步探索。
