David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2023 Feb 1;227(3):381-390. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac068.
The most effective measure to induce protection from influenza is vaccination. Thus, yearly vaccination is recommended, which, together with infections, establishes diverse repertoires of B cells, antibodies, and T cells. We examined the impact of this accumulated immunity on human responses in adults to split, subunit, and recombinant protein-based influenza vaccines. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays, to quantify serum antibodies, and peptide-stimulated CD4 T-cell cytokine ELISpots revealed that preexisting levels of hemagglutinin (HA)-specific antibodies were negatively associated with gains in antibody postvaccination, while preexisting levels of CD4 T cells were negatively correlated with vaccine-induced expansion of CD4 T cells. These patterns were seen independently of the vaccine formulation administered and the subjects' influenza vaccine history. Thus, although memory CD4 T cells and serum antibodies consist of components that can enhance vaccine responses, on balance, the accumulated immunity specific for influenza A H1 and H3 proteins is associated with diminished future responses.
预防流感最有效的措施是接种疫苗。因此，建议每年接种疫苗，疫苗接种与感染一起，会建立不同的 B 细胞、抗体和 T 细胞库。我们研究了这种累积免疫对成年人对基于裂解、亚单位和重组蛋白的流感疫苗反应的影响。酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测血清抗体，以及肽刺激的 CD4 T 细胞细胞因子 ELISpots 显示，预先存在的血凝素（HA）特异性抗体水平与疫苗接种后的抗体增加呈负相关，而预先存在的 CD4 T 细胞水平与疫苗诱导的 CD4 T 细胞扩增呈负相关。这些模式独立于所使用的疫苗制剂和研究对象的流感疫苗史。因此，尽管记忆 CD4 T 细胞和血清抗体包含可以增强疫苗反应的成分，但总的来说，针对甲型流感 H1 和 H3 蛋白的累积免疫与未来反应的减弱有关。
