Frequency-domain analysis of dual-loop optoelectronic oscillators.

Optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) are hybrid systems consisting of optical and radio-frequency (RF) parts that are used to produce ultralow phase noise RF oscillations. Dual-loop OEOs can overcome some problems incorporated with single-loop OEOs such as the mode-hopping phenomenon and the large spurious peaks in the phase noise. Therefore, they are usually considered the practical implementation of many OEOs. Here, a frequency-domain steady-state and phase noise analysis approach of these systems is presented, based on the conversion matrix approach. Compared with the existing time-domain analysis approaches, it requires much smaller run times. Compared with the other frequency-domain modeling approaches, such as the linear-time-invariant phase transmission models, it can take all noise-transferring phenomena between various sidebands and all amplitude-noise to phase-noise conversions and vice versa into account. Therefore, it can be regarded as a comprehensive analysis approach to dual-loop OEOs. The validity of the new approach is verified by comparing its results with those of the previously published formulations in the literature.