Ambade Balram, Sethi Shrikanta Shankar, Chintalacheruvu Madhusudana Rao
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, 831014, India.
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, 831014, India.
Environ Geochem Health. 2023 Feb;45(2):491-505. doi: 10.1007/s10653-022-01223-x. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
This study investigated 16 United States environmental protection agency priority PAHs profiles and their sources in 40 urban soils collected from two industrialised cities, Jamshedpur and Bokaro, in east India and assessed their health risk to humans. The results showed the predominance of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs (4-5 rings). The total PAHs concentration in surface soils ranged from 2223 to 11,266 ng/g and 729 to 5359 ng/g (dw), respectively, for Jamshedpur and Bokaro. Higher concentrations of PAHs were recorded at the selected industrial areas and heavy traffic zones of both cities. In JSR city 4-ring PAHs contributed 43% of total PAHs trailed by 5-ring PAHs 27.2%. Similarly, in BKR city 4-ring PAHs contributed 34% of the total PAHs, followed by 3-ring PAHs 28.9% and 5-ring PAHs 22.9%. Total organic carbon in surface soils exhibited moderate correlation with the low molecular weight (ΣLMW) PAHs (R = 0.69) and a comparatively strong correlation with the ΣHMW PAHs (R = 0.89), suggesting strong adsorption of HMW PAHs to urban soils. The Diagnostic and PMF modelling analysis indicated that the major sources of PAHs contamination in soils were petroleum combustion, vehicular emissions, biomass, and coal combustion. The health risk assessment shows that the cumulative probability of carcinogenic risks was under the acceptable limits of 10 to 10. At some sampling areas in both cities, the maximum value of total exposure cancer risk slightly exceeded the acceptable limits indicating some carcinogenic risk for adults.
本研究调查了美国环境保护局列出的16种优先多环芳烃（PAHs）在印度东部两座工业化城市——詹谢普尔和博卡罗采集的40份城市土壤中的分布情况及其来源，并评估了它们对人类的健康风险。结果显示高分子量（HMW）多环芳烃（4 - 5环）占主导地位。詹谢普尔和博卡罗地表土壤中总多环芳烃浓度分别为2223至11266 ng/g和729至5359 ng/g（干重）。两座城市选定的工业区和交通繁忙区域记录到更高浓度的多环芳烃。在詹谢普尔市，4环多环芳烃占总多环芳烃的43%，其次是5环多环芳烃占27.2%。同样，在博卡罗市，4环多环芳烃占总多环芳烃的34%，其次是3环多环芳烃占28.9%，5环多环芳烃占22.9%。地表土壤中的总有机碳与低分子量（ΣLMW）多环芳烃呈中度相关（R = 0.69），与ΣHMW多环芳烃呈相对较强的相关（R = 0.89），表明HMW多环芳烃对城市土壤有强烈吸附作用。诊断性和正定矩阵因子（PMF）模型分析表明，土壤中多环芳烃污染的主要来源是石油燃烧、车辆排放、生物质和煤炭燃烧。健康风险评估显示，致癌风险的累积概率在10至10的可接受限度内。在两座城市的一些采样区域，总暴露癌症风险的最大值略超过可接受限度，表明对成年人存在一定致癌风险。
