Department of Family and Community Medicine.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2022 Aug;30(4):452-465. doi: 10.1037/pha0000558. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
Smoking rates among those who use prescribed or recreational opioids are significantly higher than the general population. Hypothesized neuropharmacological interactions between opioids and nicotine may contribute to this pattern of polysubstance use, especially during withdrawal. However, little research has examined how the withdrawal of one substance may affect the consumption of the other (i.e., cross-drug withdrawal effects). Behavioral economic demand tasks (e.g., hypothetical purchase tasks) can be used to quickly assess the value of a drug. Crowdsourcing can be a convenient tool to gain preliminary insight into different processes in substance valuation that may otherwise be impossible or prohibitively difficult to study. The purpose of the present study was to provide a preliminary examination of the effects of hypothetical withdrawal of cigarettes and opioids on the consumption of those drugs among polysubstance users. Amazon Mechanical Turk workers who reported daily smoking and at least monthly opioid use completed a series of hypothetical purchase tasks for doses of opioids and cigarettes under various withdrawal conditions. Sensitivity to the price of both drugs decreased when under withdrawal for either, indicating a higher drug value of cigarettes and opioids due to effects of cross-drug withdrawal. Nicotine and opioid dependence severity, impulsive choice, and riskiness were also positively related to drug purchasing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
使用处方或娱乐性阿片类药物的人中的吸烟率明显高于普通人群。阿片类药物和尼古丁之间假定的神经药理学相互作用可能导致这种多药物使用模式，特别是在戒断期间。然而，很少有研究探讨一种物质的戒断如何影响另一种物质的消费（即，交叉药物戒断效应）。行为经济需求任务（例如，假设购买任务）可用于快速评估药物的价值。众包可以作为一种方便的工具，初步了解物质评估中可能无法或难以研究的不同过程。本研究的目的是初步检查假设的香烟和阿片类药物戒断对多药物使用者对这些药物的消费的影响。报告每日吸烟和至少每月使用阿片类药物的亚马逊 Mechanical Turk 工人在各种戒断条件下完成了一系列阿片类药物和香烟剂量的假设购买任务。当处于任何一种戒断状态时，对两种药物的价格敏感性都会降低，这表明由于交叉药物戒断的影响，香烟和阿片类药物的药物价值更高。尼古丁和阿片类药物依赖严重程度、冲动选择和风险也与药物购买呈正相关。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
