Vahtra Eno, Pind Rasmus, Mäestu Evelin, Purge Priit, Kaasik Priit, Mäestu Jarek
Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51008 Tartu, Estonia.
Sports (Basel). 2022 Jan 20;10(2):15. doi: 10.3390/sports10020015.
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of different types and periodization of strength training on body composition and maximal aerobic performance in 10-week training period in adolescent XC skiers. Twenty-eight adolescent competitive cross-country skiers, including 10 females (age 17.9 ± 1.8 years; body mass 69.6 ± 9.7 kg; height 1.77 ± 0.1 m; training experience 8.6 ± 3.2 years) took part in this study. Pre-and post-intervention performance was measured with the incremental exercise test (Pmax) on a double poling ski ergometer. Changes in body composition were measured with DXA. In addition to regular endurance training, experimental group one (EXP1) performed maximal and explosive strength training two times per week, experimental group two (EXP2) performed maximal and explosive strength training 1-3 times per week, and the traditional (TRAD) group performed low intensity-high volume strength training 2 times per week. Increases in arm, trunk, and overall lean mass were found in TRAD ( < 0.05). Increases in arm lean-mass was found in EXP1 ( < 0.05), while no changes in body composition occurred in EXP2 ( ≥ 0.05). Pmax improved significantly in all groups ( < 0.05). Changes in body mass, overall and arm lean mass was related to changes in absolute performance (W; < 0.05), while no relationships were found between changes in body composition parameters and relative performance (W/kg; ≥ 0.05). In conclusion, different periodization of strength training led to similar improvements in double poling ergometer performance, but resulted in different changes in body composition (lean mass) in adolescent cross-country skiers.
本研究的目的是比较不同类型和周期化的力量训练对青少年越野滑雪运动员在10周训练期内身体成分和最大有氧能力的影响。28名青少年竞技越野滑雪运动员参与了本研究，其中包括10名女性（年龄17.9±1.8岁；体重69.6±9.7千克；身高1.77±0.1米；训练经验8.6±3.2年）。干预前后的表现通过在双杖滑雪测力计上进行递增运动测试（Pmax）来测量。身体成分的变化通过双能X线吸收法（DXA）测量。除了常规耐力训练外，实验组一（EXP1）每周进行两次最大力量和爆发力训练，实验组二（EXP2）每周进行1 - 3次最大力量和爆发力训练，传统组（TRAD）每周进行两次低强度 - 高容量力量训练。传统组的手臂、躯干和总体瘦体重增加（<0.05）。实验组一的手臂瘦体重增加（<0.05），而实验组二的身体成分无变化（≥0.05）。所有组的Pmax均显著提高（<0.05）。体重、总体和手臂瘦体重的变化与绝对表现（瓦特；<0.05）的变化相关，而身体成分参数的变化与相对表现（瓦特/千克；≥0.05）之间未发现相关性。总之，不同周期化的力量训练在双杖测力计表现上带来了相似的改善，但在青少年越野滑雪运动员的身体成分（瘦体重）上导致了不同的变化。
