Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Jan 19;14(2):67. doi: 10.3390/toxins14020067.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that is produced after the growth of several and spp. in feeds or foods. OTA has been proved to possess nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, teratogenic, neurotoxic, genotoxic, carcinogenic and immunotoxic effects in animals and humans. OTA has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) by the IARC in 2016. OTA can be mainly found in animals as a result of indirect transmission from naturally contaminated feed. OTA found in feed can also contaminate pigs and produced pork products. Additionally, the presence of OTA in pork meat products could be derived from the direct growth of OTA-producing fungi or the addition of contaminated materials such as contaminated spices. Studies accomplished in various countries have revealed that pork meat and pork meat products are important sources of chronic dietary exposure to OTA in humans. Various levels of OTA have been found in pork meat from slaughtered pigs in many countries, while OTA levels were particularly high in the blood serum and kidneys of pigs. Pork products made from pig blood or organs such as the kidney or liver have been often found to becontaminated with OTA. The European Union (EU) has established maximum levels (ML) for OTA in a variety of foods since 2006, but not for meat or pork products. However, the establishement of an ML for OTA in pork meat and meat by-products is necessary to protect human health.
赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）是一种真菌毒素，在饲料或食物中，几种 和 真菌生长后会产生 OTA。OTA 已被证明对动物和人类具有肾毒性、肝毒性、致畸性、神经毒性、遗传毒性、致癌性和免疫毒性作用。2016 年，IARC 将 OTA 归类为对人类可能致癌（2B 组）。OTA 可以通过间接传播从天然污染的饲料在动物中主要发现。饲料中发现的 OTA 也可能污染猪并产生猪肉产品。此外，猪肉制品中 OTA 的存在可能源自 OTA 产生真菌的直接生长或添加受污染的材料，如受污染的香料。在不同国家完成的研究表明，猪肉和猪肉制品是人类慢性饮食暴露于 OTA 的重要来源。在许多国家，从屠宰猪的猪肉中发现了不同水平的 OTA，而猪血清和肾脏中的 OTA 水平特别高。从猪血或肾脏等器官制成的猪肉制品通常被发现受到 OTA 污染。自 2006 年以来，欧盟（EU）已经为各种食品制定了 OTA 的最大限量（ML），但肉类或猪肉产品除外。然而，有必要为猪肉和肉类副产品建立 OTA 的 ML，以保护人类健康。
