Malcangi Giuseppina, Inchingolo Alessio Danilo, Inchingolo Angelo Michele, Piras Fabio, Settanni Vito, Garofoli Grazia, Palmieri Giulia, Ceci Sabino, Patano Assunta, Mancini Antonio, Vimercati Luigi, Nemore Damiano, Scardapane Arnaldo, Rapone Biagio, Semjonova Alexandra, D'Oria Maria Teresa, Macchia Luigi, Bordea Ioana Roxana, Migliore Giovanni, Scarano Antonio, Lorusso Felice, Tartaglia Gianluca Martino, Giovanniello Delia, Nucci Ludovica, Maggialetti Nicola, Parisi Antonio, Domenico Marina Di, Brienza Nicola, Tafuri Silvio, Stefanizzi Pasquale, Curatoli Luigi, Corriero Alberto, Contaldo Maria, Inchingolo Francesco, Dipalma Gianna
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, Italy.
Children (Basel). 2022 Feb 12;9(2):249. doi: 10.3390/children9020249.
Since the beginning in December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak appeared to affect mostly the adult population, sparing the vast majority of children who only showed mild symptoms. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the status on the mechanisms that give children and infants this variation in epidemiology compared to the adult population and its impact on therapies and vaccines that are aimed towards them. A literature review, including in vitro studies, reviews, published guidelines and clinical trials was performed. Clinical trials concerned topics that allowed a descriptive synthesis to be produced. Four underlying mechanisms were found that may play a key role in providing COVID-19 protection in babies. No guidelines are available yet for therapy due to insufficient data; support therapy remains the most used. Only two vaccines are approved by the World Health Organization to be used in children from 12 years of age, and there are currently no efficacy or safety data for children below the age of 12 years. The COVID-19 clinical frame infection is milder in children and adolescents. This section of the population can act as vectors and reservoirs and play a key role in the transmission of the infection; therefore, vaccines are paramount. More evidence is required to guide safely the vaccination campaign.
自2019年12月开始以来，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫情似乎主要影响成年人群体，绝大多数儿童仅表现出轻微症状。本调查的目的是评估与成年人群体相比，导致儿童和婴儿在流行病学上出现这种差异的机制状况，以及其对针对他们的治疗方法和疫苗的影响。进行了一项文献综述，包括体外研究、综述、已发表的指南和临床试验。临床试验涉及的主题允许进行描述性综合分析。发现了四种潜在机制，它们可能在为婴儿提供新冠病毒病（COVID-19）防护方面发挥关键作用。由于数据不足，目前尚无治疗指南；支持性治疗仍然是最常用的方法。世界卫生组织仅批准了两种疫苗可用于12岁及以上儿童，目前尚无12岁以下儿童的疗效或安全性数据。COVID-19在儿童和青少年中的临床感染症状较轻。这部分人群可能充当传播媒介和宿主，并在感染传播中发挥关键作用；因此，疫苗至关重要。需要更多证据来安全指导疫苗接种运动。
