Department of Risk Management and Insurance, Cracow University of Economics, 31-510 Kraków, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Feb 10;19(4):1977. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19041977.
The aim of the study is to fill the research gap in relation to one of the behavioral factors that have a potential impact on retirement decisions-the framing effect. A research question addressed in the study is whether the way in which the decision-making problem is formulated (the framing effect) influences decisions on the planned retirement age. To answer this question, an original research questionnaire was developed. It included a description of a hypothetical pension system and experimental vignette questions. The research was conducted on the basis of answers given by 1079 randomly selected respondents who were participants of the pension system in Poland before retirement. In the analysis of the results, non-parametric tests and multiple logistic regression were used to compare response distributions. As a result of the conducted research, it was proven that the framing effect significantly affects the extension of the planned retirement age. At the same time, it was found that loss framing affects pension decisions to a greater extent than gain framing. It has also been noted that women are more susceptible than men to the framing of pension decisions. An application conclusion resulting from the conducted research is indicated as the possibility of the intentional use of the framing effect by decision-makers in order to increase the effective retirement age.
本研究旨在填补与行为因素相关的研究空白，这些行为因素对退休决策有潜在影响——框架效应。本研究探讨的一个研究问题是，决策问题的表述方式（框架效应）是否会影响对计划退休年龄的决策。为了回答这个问题，我们开发了一个原始的研究问卷。它包括对假设的养老金制度的描述和实验小插图问题。该研究基于 1079 名随机选择的受访者的回答进行，这些受访者是波兰退休前养老金制度的参与者。在结果分析中，使用非参数检验和多元逻辑回归来比较反应分布。通过进行的研究，证明框架效应显著影响计划退休年龄的延长。同时，发现损失框架比对收益框架更能影响养老金决策。还注意到，女性比男性更容易受到养老金决策框架的影响。从进行的研究中得出的应用结论表明，决策者有可能有意利用框架效应来提高有效退休年龄。
