Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a Street, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61 Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Feb 18;19(4):2342. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19042342.
Body weight congruence (BWC) has implications for adolescent health. The main goal of this study was to examine the distribution of BWC and its relationship with six psychosocial factors.
A representative sample of N = 3508 adolescents aged 15 and 17 years (52.4% girls) derived from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, conducted in 2017/2018 in Poland, was used. BWC groups were defined based on self-reported BMI and subjective assessment of weight: (1) correct perception; (2) overestimation, and (3). underestimation. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted the following two factors: a socio-relational factor (SR) related to perceived social support and social self-efficacy, and a body attitudes and social media exposure factor (BAME). Using the total sample, multinomial logistic regression was applied to estimate their impact on the BWC, and gender-specific models were compared.
Half (48.6%) of the adolescents correctly estimated their body weight, 31.0% overestimated it (girls 43.9%, boys 17.1%), and 20.0% underestimated it (boys 37.2%, girls 9.0%). Overestimation of body weight concerns 48.0% of normal weight girls, 50.0% of underweight girls, and 21.3% and 32.1% of normal weight and underweight boys, respectively. The percentage of normal weight (34.4%), and overweight and obese (30.8%) boys who underestimated their body weight was three times higher than the respective percentages of girls that underestimated their weight (9.0% and 11.9%). The SR factor protected adolescents from both underestimation (only in girls) and overestimation in the total sample (OR 0.74, 95%CI 0.68-0.81) and both genders. BAME increased this risk of overestimation in both genders (OR = 1.83, 95%CI 1.67-2.0), and the risk of underestimation among boys.
Prevention programmes should include a wide range of psychosocial factors to improve BWC among adolescents.
体重一致（BWC）对青少年健康有影响。本研究的主要目标是检验 BWC 的分布及其与六个社会心理因素的关系。
本研究使用了 2017-2018 年在波兰进行的“青少年健康行为”研究中的代表性样本，共 3508 名 15 岁和 17 岁（52.4%为女孩）的青少年。基于自我报告的 BMI 和对体重的主观评估，将 BWC 组定义为：（1）正确感知；（2）高估，和（3）低估。主成分分析（PCA）提取了以下两个因素：与感知社会支持和社会自我效能相关的社会关系因素（SR），以及身体态度和社交媒体暴露因素（BAME）。使用总样本，应用多项逻辑回归估计它们对 BWC 的影响，并比较了性别特异性模型。
一半（48.6%）的青少年正确估计了自己的体重，31.0%高估了体重（女孩 43.9%，男孩 17.1%），20.0%低估了体重（男孩 37.2%，女孩 9.0%）。超重女孩中 48.0%高估了体重，体重不足女孩中 50.0%高估了体重，而体重正常和体重不足的男孩中分别有 21.3%和 32.1%高估了体重。正常体重（34.4%）和超重和肥胖（30.8%）男孩低估体重的比例是低估体重的女孩（9.0%和 11.9%）的三倍。在总样本中，SR 因素保护青少年免受低估（仅在女孩中）和高估（OR 0.74，95%CI 0.68-0.81），以及两种性别。BAME 增加了两种性别高估体重的风险（OR=1.83，95%CI 1.67-2.0），以及男孩低估体重的风险。
预防计划应包括广泛的社会心理因素，以改善青少年的 BWC。
