Neuroscience Center, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy.
Molecules. 2022 Feb 19;27(4):1411. doi: 10.3390/molecules27041411.
Cannabis is still the most widely used illicit drug around the world. While its use has always been prevalent among adolescents, recent evidence suggests that its consumption is also increasing among other population groups, such as pregnant women and aged people. Given the known impact of cannabis on brain development and behavior, it is important to dissect the possible long-term impact of its use across different age groups, especially on measures of cognitive performance. Animal models of cannabinoid exposure have represented a fundamental tool to characterize the long-lasting consequences of cannabinoids on cognitive performance and helped to identify possible factors that could modulate cannabinoids effects in the long term, such as the age of exposure and doses administered. This scoping review was systematically conducted using PubMed and includes papers published from 2015 to December 2021 that examined the effects of cannabinoids, either natural or synthetic, on cognitive performance in animal models where exposure occurred in the prenatal period, during adolescence, or in older animals. Overall, available data clearly point to a crucial role of age in determining the long-term effect of cannabinoid on cognition, highlighting possible detrimental consequences during brain development (prenatal and adolescent exposure) and beneficial outcomes in old age. In contrast, despite the recent advances in the field, it appears difficult to clearly establish a possible role of dosage in the effects of cannabinoids on cognition, especially when the adolescent period is taken into account.
大麻仍然是全球范围内使用最广泛的非法药物。尽管其使用在青少年中一直很普遍，但最近的证据表明，其他人群，如孕妇和老年人，也在增加大麻的消费。鉴于大麻对大脑发育和行为的已知影响，剖析其在不同年龄组中的使用可能产生的长期影响，特别是对认知表现的影响，非常重要。大麻素暴露的动物模型代表了一种基本工具，可以描述大麻素对认知表现的长期影响，并有助于确定可能调节大麻素长期作用的因素，例如暴露的年龄和给予的剂量。本范围综述系统地使用 PubMed 进行，包括 2015 年至 2021 年 12 月期间发表的论文，这些论文研究了大麻素（无论是天然的还是合成的）对动物模型中认知表现的影响，其中暴露发生在产前、青春期或老年期。总的来说，现有数据清楚地表明，年龄在确定大麻素对认知的长期影响方面起着关键作用，突出了在大脑发育期间（产前和青春期暴露）可能产生的有害后果，以及老年时的有益结果。相比之下，尽管该领域最近取得了进展，但似乎很难明确确定剂量在大麻素对认知的影响中的作用，尤其是当考虑到青春期时。
