Suarez Isabel, De Los Reyes Aragón Carlos, Grandjean Aurelie, Barceló Ernesto, Mebarak Moises, Lewis Soraya, Pineda-Alhucema Wilmar, Casini Laurence
Department of Psychology, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia.
CNRS, LNC, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
Cogn Neuropsychol. 2021 Jul;38(5):349-363. doi: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2031944.
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present a deficit in inhibitory control. Still, it remains unclear whether it comes from a deficit in reactive inhibition (ability to stop the action in progress), proactive inhibition (ability to exert preparatory control), or both.We compared the performance of 39 children with ADHD and 42 typically developing children performing a Simon choice reaction time task. The Simon task is a conflict task that is well-adapted to dissociate proactive and reactive inhibition. Beyond classical global measures (mean reaction time, accuracy rate, and interference effect), we used more sophisticated dynamic analyses of the interference effect and accuracy rate to investigate reactive inhibition. We studied proactive inhibition through the congruency sequence effect (CSE).Our results showed that children with ADHD had impaired reactive but not proactive inhibition. Moreover, the deficit found in reactive inhibition seems to be due to both a stronger impulse capture and more difficulties in inhibiting impulsive responses. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how ADHD affects inhibitory control in children.
患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童存在抑制控制缺陷。然而，目前尚不清楚这是源于反应抑制缺陷（停止正在进行的动作的能力）、主动抑制缺陷（进行准备性控制的能力），还是两者皆有。我们比较了39名患有ADHD的儿童和42名发育正常的儿童在执行西蒙选择反应时任务中的表现。西蒙任务是一种冲突任务，非常适合区分主动抑制和反应抑制。除了传统的整体测量指标（平均反应时间、准确率和干扰效应）外，我们还使用了更复杂的干扰效应和准确率动态分析来研究反应抑制。我们通过一致性序列效应（CSE）研究主动抑制。我们的结果表明，患有ADHD的儿童反应抑制受损，但主动抑制未受损。此外，反应抑制方面发现的缺陷似乎是由于更强的冲动捕捉以及抑制冲动反应存在更多困难。这些发现有助于更好地理解ADHD如何影响儿童的抑制控制。
