Lunsford-Avery Jessica R, Edinger Jack D, Krystal Andrew D
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
Nat Sci Sleep. 2022 Feb 17;14:217-230. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S330939. eCollection 2022.
Sleep is vital to cognition, yet underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Although sleep duration and continuity are two well-established contributors, additional factors-including homeostatic sleep drive processes-may also underlie cognition-related sleep restoration. This study investigates the relative contributions of sleep EEG factors to psychomotor functioning in adults with insomnia and healthy controls (HC) to identify the most significant sleep factors supporting psychomotor functioning.
Adults with insomnia ( = 37) and HC ( = 39) completed 3 nights of polysomnography and a complex psychomotor task (switching attention task; SAT). Univariate correlations identified the most significant predictors (traditional PSG, spectral EEG, initial delta peak, and overnight delta decline) of SAT performance, which were then entered into multivariable linear regressions examining whether predictors remained significant after accounting for shortened/fragmented sleep and whether relationships differed across groups.
In addition to greater wake after sleep onset (WASO; = 0.33), a slower overnight delta decline ( = 0.50) and a lower initial delta peak ( = -0.38) were the most significant predictors of poorer SAT performance. Both overnight delta decline (F(7, 68) = 12.52, < 0.001) and initial delta peak (F(7, 68) = 7.85, = 0.007) remained significant predictors after controlling for demographics, total sleep time, and WASO. Relationships were analogous across subject groups.
Findings suggest that, in addition to sleep duration and continuity, processes related to recovery from and dissipation of homeostatic sleep drive may support psychomotor performance and broadly support daytime functioning in individuals with and without insomnia. Future research may examine overnight delta dynamics as transdiagnostic processes supporting cognition-related sleep restoration across a range of clinical populations.
睡眠对认知至关重要，但其潜在机制仍不清楚。尽管睡眠时间和睡眠连续性是两个已被充分证实的影响因素，但其他因素，包括睡眠稳态驱动力过程，也可能是与认知相关的睡眠恢复的基础。本研究调查了睡眠脑电图因素对失眠成年人和健康对照者（HC）心理运动功能的相对贡献，以确定支持心理运动功能的最重要睡眠因素。
失眠成年人（n = 37）和HC（n = 39）完成了3晚的多导睡眠图检查和一项复杂的心理运动任务（注意力转换任务；SAT）。单变量相关性分析确定了SAT表现的最重要预测因素（传统多导睡眠图、脑电图频谱、初始δ波峰值和夜间δ波下降），然后将这些因素纳入多变量线性回归，以检查在考虑到缩短/碎片化睡眠后预测因素是否仍然显著，以及不同组之间的关系是否存在差异。
除了睡眠起始后觉醒时间延长（WASO；r = 0.33）外，夜间δ波下降较慢（r = 0.50）和初始δ波峰值较低（r = -0.38）是SAT表现较差的最重要预测因素。在控制了人口统计学因素、总睡眠时间和WASO后，夜间δ波下降（F(7, 68) = 12.52，p < 0.001）和初始δ波峰值（F(7, 68) = 7.85，p = 0.007）仍然是显著的预测因素。不同受试者组之间的关系类似。
研究结果表明，除了睡眠时间和睡眠连续性外，与睡眠稳态驱动力恢复和消散相关的过程可能支持心理运动表现，并广泛支持有无失眠个体的日间功能。未来的研究可以将夜间δ波动态作为一种跨诊断过程，以支持一系列临床人群中与认知相关的睡眠恢复。
