Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Sleep Med. 2017 Feb;30:113-120. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.09.002. Epub 2016 Oct 21.
Task-switching deficits are common in older adults and in those with insomnia. Such deficits may be driven by difficulties with sleep continuity and dampened homeostatic sleep drive.
To identify the aspects of task switching affected by insomnia and its treatment, and to determine whether such effects are associated with sleep continuity and homeostatic sleep drive.
Polysomnographic sleep and task switching were tested in healthy older adults aged 60-93 years with insomnia (n = 48) and normal sleeping controls (n = 51). Assessments were repeated in the insomnia group after eight weeks of cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia. Sleep measures included wake after sleep onset (WASO) and quantitative indices of homeostatic sleep drive (delta power during nonrapid eye movement [NREM] sleep and the ratio of delta power during the first and second NREM periods). A cued task-switching paradigm instructed participants to perform one of two tasks with varying preparatory cue-target intervals, manipulating task alternation, task repetition, and task preparation.
The effect of preparatory cues on accuracy was diminished in the insomnia group compared with that in controls. Across the two groups, a stronger effect of preparatory cues was associated with a higher delta sleep ratio. Following insomnia treatment, task-repetition accuracy significantly improved. This improvement was associated with improvements in WASO. There were no group or treatment effects on response time or task alternation accuracy.
Effects of insomnia diagnosis and treatment apply to conditions that depend on the maintenance of a task set, rather than a domain general effect across task switching. Such effects are associated with homeostatic sleep drive and sleep continuity.
任务转换缺陷在老年人和失眠人群中很常见。这些缺陷可能是由睡眠连续性困难和稳态睡眠驱动减弱引起的。
确定失眠及其治疗影响任务转换的哪些方面，并确定这些影响是否与睡眠连续性和稳态睡眠驱动有关。
对 60-93 岁患有失眠症的健康老年人（失眠组，n=48）和正常睡眠对照组（n=51）进行多导睡眠图睡眠和任务转换测试。在失眠组接受 8 周认知行为治疗失眠后，重复评估。睡眠测量包括睡眠起始后觉醒（WASO）和稳态睡眠驱动的定量指标（非快速眼动[NREM]睡眠期间的δ功率和第一和第二 NREM 期间的δ功率比）。提示任务转换范式指示参与者用不同的预备提示-目标间隔执行两个任务中的一个，从而改变任务交替、任务重复和任务准备。
与对照组相比，失眠组预备提示对准确性的影响减弱。在两组中，预备提示的作用越强，δ睡眠比越高。经过失眠治疗，任务重复准确性显著提高。这种改善与 WASO 的改善有关。在反应时间或任务交替准确性方面，没有组间或治疗效果。
失眠诊断和治疗的影响适用于依赖任务集维持的情况，而不是整个任务转换的一般影响。这些影响与稳态睡眠驱动和睡眠连续性有关。
