Gorzo Kelsea A, Gordon Grant R
University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Neurophotonics. 2022 Apr;9(2):021907. doi: 10.1117/1.NPh.9.2.021907. Epub 2022 Feb 18.
Astrocytes integrate information from neurons and the microvasculature to coordinate brain activity and metabolism. Using a variety of calcium-dependent cellular mechanisms, these cells impact numerous aspects of neurophysiology in health and disease. Astrocyte calcium signaling is highly diverse, with complex spatiotemporal features. Here, we review astrocyte calcium dynamics and the optical imaging tools used to measure and analyze these events. We briefly cover historical calcium measurements, followed by our current understanding of how calcium transients relate to the structure of astrocytes. We then explore newer photonics tools including super-resolution techniques and genetically encoded calcium indicators targeted to specific cellular compartments and how these have been applied to astrocyte biology. Finally, we provide a brief overview of analysis software used to accurately quantify the data and ultimately aid in our interpretation of the various functions of astrocyte calcium transients.
星形胶质细胞整合来自神经元和微血管系统的信息，以协调大脑活动和新陈代谢。通过多种钙依赖的细胞机制，这些细胞影响着健康和疾病状态下神经生理学的诸多方面。星形胶质细胞的钙信号高度多样，具有复杂的时空特征。在这里，我们综述星形胶质细胞的钙动力学以及用于测量和分析这些事件的光学成像工具。我们简要介绍了钙测量的历史，接着阐述了我们目前对钙瞬变与星形胶质细胞结构之间关系的理解。然后，我们探讨了更新的光子学工具，包括超分辨率技术和靶向特定细胞区室的基因编码钙指示剂，以及这些工具如何应用于星形胶质细胞生物学研究。最后，我们简要概述了用于准确量化数据并最终帮助我们解释星形胶质细胞钙瞬变各种功能的分析软件。
