Carbonneau Rene, Vitaro Frank, Brendgen Mara, Boivin Michel, Côté Sylvana M, Tremblay Richard E
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, 3050 Edouard- Montpetit, suite 225, H3T 1J7, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada.
J Gambl Stud. 2023 Mar;39(1):137-157. doi: 10.1007/s10899-022-10107-9. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
This study investigated adolescents' single and co-occurring developmental patterns of gambling participation and substance use and their association with gambling and substance use-related issues at age 17, controlling for confounders. Multiple assessments from age 12 to 17 were conducted in a population-based cohort (N=1594, 51.2% boys). Latent growth modeling was used to analyze developmental patterns and Generalized linear models to examine their association with age-17 gambling and substance use-related problems, types and variety of activities, and substance abuse. Results revealed six developmental patterns, including Low- or Non-substance Users or Gamblers (24.2% sample), two trajectory-classes of Later-Onset Increasing (to a moderate level) substance users, either with or without gambling participation (7.8% and 45.5%, respectively), two trajectory-classes of Early-Onset Increasing (to a higher level) substance users, either with or without gambling participation (6.2% and 12.7%, respectively), and a smaller trajectory-class of Slow-Increasing Substance Users and Early-Onset Gamblers, declining to non-gambling after age 13 (3.6%). Gambling participation and substance use did not appear to influence each other with regard to their onset and course throughout adolescence, and to age-17 types and variety of gambling activities or substances used, problems related to gambling participation or substance use, or substance abuse. These findings are consistent with the addictive syndrome model and with both common and individualized approaches to prevention and treatment for adolescent gamblers or substance users.
本研究调查了青少年赌博参与和物质使用的单一及并发发展模式，以及它们与17岁时赌博和物质使用相关问题的关联，并对混杂因素进行了控制。在一个基于人群的队列（N = 1594，51.2%为男孩）中进行了从12岁到17岁的多次评估。使用潜在增长模型分析发展模式，使用广义线性模型检验它们与17岁时赌博和物质使用相关问题、活动类型和多样性以及物质滥用的关联。结果揭示了六种发展模式，包括低物质使用者或非物质使用者或非赌博者（样本的24.2%），两种后期开始增加（到中等水平）的物质使用者轨迹类别，分别有或没有赌博参与（分别为7.8%和45.5%），两种早期开始增加（到较高水平）的物质使用者轨迹类别，分别有或没有赌博参与（分别为6.2%和12.7%），以及一个较小的缓慢增加物质使用者和早期开始赌博者轨迹类别，13岁后赌博行为减少（3.6%）。在整个青春期直至17岁时，赌博参与和物质使用在其起始和过程方面似乎并未相互影响，在17岁时，赌博活动或使用物质的类型和多样性、与赌博参与或物质使用相关的问题或物质滥用方面也未相互影响。这些发现与成瘾综合征模型以及针对青少年赌博者或物质使用者的预防和治疗的通用及个体化方法一致。
