Šimoníková Denisa, Čížková Jana, Zoulová Veronika, Christelová Pavla, Hřibová Eva
Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Feb 11;11(4):482. doi: 10.3390/plants11040482.
The banana is a staple food crop and represents an important trade commodity for millions of people living in tropical and subtropical countries. The most important edible banana clones originated from natural crosses between diploid and various subspecies of . It is worth mentioning that evolution and speciation in the Musaceae family were accompanied by large-scale chromosome structural changes, indicating possible reasons for lower fertility or complete sterility of these vegetatively propagated clones. Chromosomal changes, often accompanied by changes in genome size, are one of the driving forces underlying speciation in plants. They can clarify the genomic constitution of edible bananas and shed light on their origin and on diversification processes in members of the Musaceae family. This article reviews the development of molecular cytogenetic approaches, ranging from classical fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using common cytogenetic markers to oligo painting FISH. We discuss differences in genome size and chromosome number across the Musaceae family in addition to the development of new chromosome-specific cytogenetic probes and their use in genome structure and comparative karyotype analysis. The impact of these methodological advances on our knowledge of genome evolution at the chromosomal level is demonstrated. In addition to citing published results, we include our own new unpublished results and outline future applications of molecular cytogenetics in banana research.
香蕉是一种主食作物，对数百万生活在热带和亚热带国家的人们来说是一种重要的贸易商品。最重要的可食用香蕉克隆品种源自二倍体与各种亚种之间的自然杂交。值得一提的是，芭蕉科的进化和物种形成伴随着大规模的染色体结构变化，这表明了这些无性繁殖克隆品种育性较低或完全不育的可能原因。染色体变化通常伴随着基因组大小的改变，是植物物种形成的驱动力之一。它们可以阐明可食用香蕉的基因组构成，并揭示其起源以及芭蕉科成员的多样化过程。本文综述了分子细胞遗传学方法的发展，从使用普通细胞遗传学标记的经典荧光原位杂交（FISH）到寡核苷酸涂染FISH。除了新的染色体特异性细胞遗传学探针的开发及其在基因组结构和比较核型分析中的应用外，我们还讨论了芭蕉科内基因组大小和染色体数目的差异。展示了这些方法学进展对我们在染色体水平上了解基因组进化的影响。除了引用已发表的结果外，我们还纳入了自己未发表的新结果，并概述了分子细胞遗传学在香蕉研究中的未来应用。
