Bačovský Václav, Čegan Radim, Šimoníková Denisa, Hřibová Eva, Hobza Roman
Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.
Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Feb 28;11:205. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00205. eCollection 2020.
The genus includes a plethora of dioecious and gynodioecious species. Two species, (white campion) and (red campion), are dioecious plants, having heteromorphic sex chromosomes with an XX/XY sex determination system. The X and Y chromosomes differ mainly in size, DNA content and posttranslational histone modifications. Although it is generally assumed that the sex chromosomes evolved from a single pair of autosomes, it is difficult to distinguish the ancestral pair of chromosomes in related gynodioecious and hermaphroditic plants. We designed an oligo painting probe enriched for X-linked scaffolds from currently available genomic data and used this probe on metaphase chromosomes of (2n = 24, XY), (2n = 24, XY), and two gynodioecious species, (2n = 24) and S. (2n = 24). The X chromosome-specific oligo probe produces a signal specifically on the X and Y chromosomes in and , mainly in the subtelomeric regions. Surprisingly, in and , the probe hybridized to three pairs of autosomes labeling their p-arms. This distribution suggests that sex chromosome evolution was accompanied by extensive chromosomal rearrangements in studied dioecious plants.
该属包括大量雌雄异株和雌全异株的物种。两种植物，即白剪秋萝和红剪秋萝，是雌雄异株植物，具有异形性染色体，其性别决定系统为XX/XY。X和Y染色体主要在大小、DNA含量和翻译后组蛋白修饰方面存在差异。尽管一般认为性染色体是由一对常染色体进化而来的，但在相关的雌全异株和雌雄同体植物中很难区分出祖先染色体对。我们根据现有的基因组数据设计了一种富集X连锁支架的寡核苷酸涂染探针，并将该探针用于白剪秋萝（2n = 24，XY）、红剪秋萝（2n = 24，XY）以及两种雌全异株植物，即裂叶剪秋萝（2n = 24）和S. ochroleuca（2n = 24）的中期染色体上。X染色体特异性寡核苷酸探针在白剪秋萝和红剪秋萝的X和Y染色体上产生信号，主要在亚端粒区域。令人惊讶的是，在裂叶剪秋萝和S. ochroleuca中，该探针与三对常染色体杂交，标记了它们的短臂。这种分布表明，在所研究的雌雄异株植物中，性染色体的进化伴随着广泛的染色体重排。
