Tavares Cássio Jardim, Ribeiro Junior Walter Quadros, Ramos Maria Lucrecia Gerosa, Pereira Lucas Felisberto, Casari Raphael Augusto das Chagas Noqueli, Pereira André Ferreira, de Sousa Carlos Antonio Ferreira, da Silva Anderson Rodrigo, Neto Sebastião Pedro da Silva, Mertz-Henning Liliane Marcia
Federal Institute Goiano, Campus Cristalina, CEP, Cristalina 73850-000, GO, Brazil.
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-(EMBRAPA Cerrados), Planaltina 73310-970, DF, Brazil.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Feb 21;11(4):559. doi: 10.3390/plants11040559.
Rainfall is among the climatic factors that most affect production, as in the Brazilian Cerrado. Non-destructive and automated phenotyping methods are fast and efficient for genotype selection. The objective of this work was to evaluate, under field conditions, the morphophysiological changes, yield, and grain quality of soybean ( L. Merrill) under water stress in the Brazilian Cerrado. The plots comprised six soybean cultivars and the subplots of four water regimes, corresponding to 31, 44, 64 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration replacement. The experiments were conducted from May to September 2018 and 2019. An irrigation system with a bar of sprinklers with different flow rates was used. Gas exchange, vegetation indices (measured using a hyperspectral sensor embedded in a drone), yield and grain quality were evaluated. Water stress had different effects on gas exchange, vegetation indices, grain yield and chemical composition among the cultivars. Embrapa cultivar BRS 7280 Roundup ready (RR) and Nidera cultivar NA 5909 RG (glyphosate resistant) are yield stable and have a greater tolerance to drought. BRS 7280RR showed a higher tolerance to drought and higher water use efficiency (WUE) than all other tested cultivars. Vegetation indices, such as the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), correlated with the morphophysiological traits, such as plant height, were the most responsive variables to water stress. The NDVI can be used to predict soybean yield as a tool in a selection program under drought.
降雨是像巴西塞拉多地区那样对作物产量影响最大的气候因素之一。无损且自动化的表型分析方法对于基因型选择而言快速又高效。本研究的目的是在田间条件下，评估巴西塞拉多地区水分胁迫下大豆（L. Merrill）的形态生理变化、产量及籽粒品质。试验小区包含六个大豆品种，四个水分处理亚区，分别对应作物蒸散量替代值的31%、44%、64%和100%。试验于2018年5月至9月以及2019年同期进行。采用了带有不同流量喷头的灌溉系统。对气体交换、植被指数（使用搭载在无人机上的高光谱传感器测量）、产量和籽粒品质进行了评估。水分胁迫对不同品种的气体交换、植被指数、籽粒产量和化学成分有不同影响。巴西农牧业研究公司（Embrapa）的品种BRS 7280抗草甘膦（RR）和尼德拉公司（Nidera）的品种NA 5909 RG（抗草甘膦）产量稳定，对干旱耐受性更强。BRS 7280RR比所有其他测试品种表现出更高的耐旱性和水分利用效率（WUE）。植被指数，如归一化植被指数（NDVI），与株高等形态生理性状相关，是对水分胁迫响应最敏感的变量。NDVI可作为干旱条件下选择计划中的一种工具用于预测大豆产量。
