Haddad Razan, Alrabadi Nasr, Altaani Bashar, Li Tonglei
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Feb 9;14(4):658. doi: 10.3390/polym14040658.
Paclitaxel (PTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that belongs to the taxane family and which was approved to treat various kinds of cancers including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Several delivery systems for PTX have been developed to enhance its solubility and pharmacological properties involving liposomes, nanoparticles, microparticles, micelles, cosolvent methods, and the complexation with cyclodextrins and other materials that are summarized in this article. Specifically, this review discusses deeply the developed paclitaxel nanocrystal formulations. As PTX is a hydrophobic drug with inferior water solubility properties, which are improved a lot by nanocrystal formulation. Based on that, many studies employed nano-crystallization techniques not only to improve the oral delivery of PTX, but IV, intraperitoneal (IP), and local and intertumoral delivery systems were also developed. Additionally, superior and interesting properties of PTX NCs were achieved by performing additional modifications to the NCs, such as stabilization with surfactants and coating with polymers. This review summarizes these delivery systems by shedding light on their route of administration, the methods used in the preparation and modifications, the in vitro or in vivo models used, and the advantages obtained based on the developed formulations.
紫杉醇（PTX）是一种属于紫杉烷类的化疗药物，已被批准用于治疗多种癌症，包括乳腺癌、卵巢癌、晚期非小细胞肺癌以及与获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）相关的卡波西肉瘤。人们已经开发了几种紫杉醇递送系统，以提高其溶解度和药理性质，包括脂质体、纳米颗粒、微粒、胶束、助溶剂方法以及与环糊精和其他材料的络合，本文将对这些进行总结。具体而言，本综述深入讨论了已开发的紫杉醇纳米晶制剂。由于紫杉醇是一种水溶性较差的疏水性药物，纳米晶制剂大大改善了其水溶性。基于此，许多研究采用纳米结晶技术不仅改善了紫杉醇的口服给药，还开发了静脉注射、腹腔注射（IP）以及局部和肿瘤内递送系统。此外，通过对纳米晶进行额外修饰，如用表面活性剂稳定和用聚合物包衣，实现了紫杉醇纳米晶优异且有趣的性质。本综述通过阐明这些递送系统的给药途径、制备和修饰方法、所使用的体外或体内模型以及基于所开发制剂获得的优势，对这些递送系统进行了总结。
