Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 18;23(4):2252. doi: 10.3390/ijms23042252.
Analysis of the function, structure, and intracellular organization of mitochondria is important for elucidating energy metabolism and intracellular energy transfer. In addition, basic and clinically oriented studies that investigate organ/tissue/cell dysfunction in various human diseases, including myopathies, cardiac/brain ischemia-reperfusion injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and aging, require precise estimation of mitochondrial function. It should be noted that the main metabolic and functional characteristics of mitochondria obtained in situ (in permeabilized cells and tissue samples) and in vitro (in isolated organelles) are quite different, thereby compromising interpretations of experimental and clinical data. These differences are explained by the existence of the mitochondrial network, which possesses multiple interactions between the cytoplasm and other subcellular organelles. Metabolic and functional crosstalk between mitochondria and extra-mitochondrial cellular environments plays a crucial role in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and physiology. Therefore, it is important to analyze mitochondria in vivo or in situ without their isolation from the natural cellular environment. This review summarizes previous studies and discusses existing approaches and methods for the analysis of mitochondrial function, structure, and intracellular organization in situ.
分析线粒体的功能、结构和细胞内组织对于阐明能量代谢和细胞内能量传递非常重要。此外，基础和临床研究调查了各种人类疾病中的器官/组织/细胞功能障碍，包括肌肉疾病、心脏/脑缺血再灌注损伤、神经退行性疾病、癌症和衰老，需要精确估计线粒体功能。需要注意的是，在原位（在通透化细胞和组织样本中）和体外（在分离的细胞器中）获得的线粒体的主要代谢和功能特征非常不同，从而影响对实验和临床数据的解释。这些差异是由线粒体网络的存在解释的，线粒体网络在细胞质和其他亚细胞细胞器之间存在多种相互作用。线粒体与细胞外环境之间的代谢和功能串扰在调节线粒体代谢和生理学中起着至关重要的作用。因此，在不将其从自然细胞环境中分离的情况下，分析体内或原位的线粒体非常重要。这篇综述总结了以前的研究，并讨论了目前分析原位线粒体功能、结构和细胞内组织的方法和方法。
