Yang Kaiming, Jing Siyuan, Liu Yang, Zhou Hao, Liu Yan, Yan Ming, Yi Xianliang, Liu Renyan
School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China.
School of Engineering, Westlake University, Zhejiang, China.
Chemosphere. 2022 Jun;297:134099. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134099. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
Tire wear particles (TWPs) have been characterized as microplastics in recent years, and many of these TWPs will be eventually deposited in coastal areas, leading to adverse effects to marine organisms. Results of the acute toxicity test in this study showed that the 96-h LC50 values of the particles and leachate were 771.4 mg/L (95% CI = 684.4-869.6 mg/L) and 5.34 g/L (95% CI = 4.75-6.07 g/L), respectively. The chemical constituents of TWP and the leachate are very complex, and little research has been conducted to determine which of these constituents contribute to the toxicity of TWP leachate to marine organisms. Therefore, the composition of the TWP and leachate was analyzed, and a variety of chemicals were identified, including metals (Mn, Zn, etc.) and organic compounds (cyclohexanthiol, 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethylbenzene, benzothiazole, stearic acid, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, etc.). In addition, the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus was applied as a model species in the toxicity identification evaluation study to characterize, identify and confirm the toxicity-causing substances in the TWP leachate. Zn was identified and confirmed as the main toxicant contributing to the toxicity. Furthermore, Zn concentrations in the leachate over time were investigated. The release of Zn from TWPs to the aquatic environment was slow, and conformed to a parabolic model with a release constant k of 2.06. The organic component, benzothiazole, exhibited an antagonistic effect with zinc in the acute toxicity of the TWP leachate.
轮胎磨损颗粒（TWPs）近年来已被认定为微塑料，其中许多最终会沉积在沿海地区，对海洋生物产生不利影响。本研究的急性毒性试验结果表明，颗粒和渗滤液的96小时半数致死浓度（LC50）值分别为771.4毫克/升（95%置信区间=684.4 - 869.6毫克/升）和5.34克/升（95%置信区间=4.75 - 6.07克/升）。TWP和渗滤液的化学成分非常复杂，关于这些成分中哪些会导致TWP渗滤液对海洋生物产生毒性的研究很少。因此，对TWP和渗滤液的成分进行了分析，鉴定出了多种化学物质，包括金属（锰、锌等）和有机化合物（环己硫醇、4 - 乙基 - 1,2 - 二甲基苯、苯并噻唑、硬脂酸、N -（1,3 - 二甲基丁基）- N'-苯基 - 对苯二胺等）。此外，海洋桡足类日本虎斑猛水蚤被用作毒性鉴定评估研究中的模式物种，以表征、识别和确认TWP渗滤液中的毒性物质。锌被鉴定并确认为导致毒性的主要毒物。此外，还研究了渗滤液中锌浓度随时间的变化。锌从TWPs向水生环境的释放缓慢，符合释放常数k为2.06的抛物线模型。有机成分苯并噻唑在TWP渗滤液的急性毒性中与锌表现出拮抗作用。
