School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China; College of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221111, China.
School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 Oct;272:109713. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109713. Epub 2023 Aug 5.
Tire wear particles (TWP) are a new pollutant widely present in the environment, and have been identified as microplastics (MPs), which are receiving increasing attention due to their toxic effects on aquatic organisms. In this study, D. magna was used as test organism, and the leachate from TWP was prepared by hot water extraction for 30 (30-E) and 120 min (120-E). The acute toxic effects of particles and leachate on D. magna were studied under different exposure concentrations. The results showed that zinc and pyrene were the highest detected contaminants in the leachate. The 48 h-LC values for particles and leachate were determined to be 56.99, 461.30 (30-E), and 153.00 mg/L (120-E), respectively. Following a 48 h exposure period, the immobilization of D. magna exposed to the particles and their leachate were increased with the concentration increase. The physical damage of the gut was found to be a possible mechanism for particle-induced biotoxicity. The compounds leached from TWP were responsible for the acute toxicity of leachate. Particles usually demonstrated a greater degree of toxicity in comparison to their leachate, especially at environmentally relevant concentrations. Exposure to particles and leachate resulted in the inhibition of swimming speed, swimming acceleration, filtration rate, and ingestion rate in D. magna. Furthermore, thoracic limb activity was observed to be inhibited. The heart rate of D. magna was significantly increased by the presence of particles at a concentration of 200 mg/L and leachate at concentrations of 400 and 800 mg/L (120-E). The observed alterations in behavior and physiological endpoints may be related to oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in the organism. Reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities indicated that D. magna may suffer from excessive oxidative stress, whereas the increase of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity may serve as a biomarker of susceptibility to evaluate the environmental risks of TWP and corresponding leachates as potential aquatic pollutants.. Therefore, a more comprehensive risk assessment of TWP in the environment is necessary.
轮胎磨损颗粒（TWP）是一种广泛存在于环境中的新型污染物，已被确定为微塑料（MPs），由于其对水生生物的毒性作用，它们受到越来越多的关注。在本研究中，我们以大型溞（D. magna）为受试生物，采用热水浸提法制备了提取 30 分钟（30-E）和 120 分钟（120-E）的 TWP 浸提液。研究了不同暴露浓度下颗粒和浸提液对大型溞的急性毒性效应。结果表明，锌和苝是浸提液中检测到的最高污染物。确定颗粒和浸提液的 48 h-LC 值分别为 56.99、461.30（30-E）和 153.00 mg/L（120-E）。暴露 48 h 后，随着浓度的增加，暴露于颗粒及其浸提液的大型溞的固定率增加。发现肠道的物理损伤可能是颗粒引起生物毒性的一种机制。TWP 浸出的化合物是浸提液急性毒性的原因。与浸提液相比，颗粒通常表现出更大的毒性，尤其是在环境相关浓度下。暴露于颗粒和浸提液会抑制大型溞的游泳速度、游泳加速度、滤过率和摄食率，并观察到胸肢活动受到抑制。当颗粒浓度为 200 mg/L，浸提液浓度为 400 和 800 mg/L（120-E）时，大型溞的心率显著增加。观察到的行为和生理终点的改变可能与生物体的氧化应激和神经毒性有关。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）活性的降低表明，大型溞可能遭受过度的氧化应激，而乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性的增加可能作为一种生物标志物，用于评估 TWP 及其相应浸提液作为潜在的水生污染物对环境的风险。因此，有必要对环境中的 TWP 进行更全面的风险评估。
