Pan American Health Organization, Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit, Washington, DC, United States.
Pan American Health Organization, Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit, Washington, DC, United States.
Vaccine. 2022 Mar 18;40(13):1977-1986. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.051. Epub 2022 Feb 14.
In 2020, the World Health Organization launched the Immunization Agenda 2030: A Global Strategy to Leave No One Behind, which prioritizes high equitable immunization coverage at the national level and in all districts. Achieving high and homogenous immunization coverage, which is all the more important within the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccine rollout, requires the strengthening of existing immunization activities and innovative approach to immunization promotion. This research applied a descriptive case study methodology to document the implementation of strategic multi-level alliances to promote equitable immunization access and demand in Colombia, Guyana, and Sucre, Bolivia. Data collection, carried out between September 2019 and March 2020, included documentary reviews, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and site visits accompanied by discussions with relevant stakeholders. Case studies provide valuable examples of people-centered, partnership-based, country-owned, and data-guided approaches to promoting equitable immunization coverage, including multi-level partnerships to build technical capacity for the identification and measurement of social inequalities impacting immunization in Colombia; intersectoral and community collaboration for pro-equity emergency response to regional vaccine preventable disease outbreaks in Guyana; and strategic alliances with the education sector and civil society organizations for the introduction of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine in Sucre, Bolivia. Lessons learned highlight avenues for improving the impact of multi-level, equity-focused capacity building, particularly at the local level; optimizing the use of data and resources, partnerships, and community and stakeholder education and empowerment. While impact studies are needed to better understand the quantitative contributions of such strategic alliances, these case studies illustrate their practical significance and reinforce the value of multi-level, intersectoral collaboration for enhancing equitable immunization access and demand. The experiences of Colombia, Guyana, and Sucre, Bolivia provide evidence-based insight to support pro-equity immunization program planning to ensure that no one is left behind and that everyone, everywhere receives the benefits of vaccines, both routine and for COVID-19.
2020 年，世界卫生组织发布了《免疫议程 2030：不让任何人掉队的全球战略》，该战略优先在国家和所有地区实现高公平免疫覆盖。在当前 COVID-19 大流行和疫苗推出的背景下，要实现高且同质的免疫覆盖，就需要加强现有的免疫活动和创新的免疫推广方法。本研究采用描述性案例研究方法，记录了在哥伦比亚、圭亚那和玻利维亚苏克雷实施战略多层次联盟以促进公平获得和需求的情况。数据收集工作于 2019 年 9 月至 2020 年 3 月进行，包括文献回顾、半结构化访谈、焦点小组和现场访问，并与相关利益攸关方进行了讨论。案例研究提供了有价值的示例，说明了以人为主导、基于伙伴关系、国家拥有和数据指导的方法，促进公平的免疫覆盖，包括建立多层面伙伴关系，以确定和衡量影响哥伦比亚免疫的社会不平等问题的技术能力；开展跨部门和社区合作，以应对圭亚那区域疫苗可预防疾病暴发的不平等情况；与教育部门和民间社会组织建立战略联盟，在玻利维亚苏克雷推出人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗。经验教训突出了改善多层次、注重公平的能力建设影响的途径，特别是在地方一级；优化数据和资源的利用、伙伴关系以及社区和利益攸关方的教育和赋权。虽然需要进行影响研究以更好地了解这种战略联盟的定量贡献，但这些案例研究说明了其实际意义，并加强了多层次、跨部门合作对于增强公平获得和需求的价值。哥伦比亚、圭亚那和玻利维亚苏克雷的经验为支持公平免疫规划提供了基于证据的见解，以确保没有人掉队，确保每个人在任何地方都能受益于疫苗，包括常规疫苗和 COVID-19 疫苗。
