Cardiac transplant patient at one year. Cyclosporine vs conventional immunosuppression.

From March 1, 1979 thru September 30, 1984 we performed 56 cardiac transplants (Tx). The first 32 patients received conventional immunosuppression therapy consisting of azathioprine/prednisone (I/P), while the subsequent 24 patients received cyclosporine/prednisone (C/P). Twenty-one of 32 I/P patients ages 39 +/- 3 years (SEM), and 16 of 24 eligible C/P patients ages 36 +/- 3 years, survived one year with follow-up through September 30, 1985. The one year post-transplant course of these 37 patients was evaluated by chart review. While donor ages are similar, ischemic time was shorter in the conventionally treated patients. The initial hospital stay for I/P vs C/P was 67 +/- 6 vs 33 +/- 3 days (p less than .05), at a total cost of $49,900 +/- $5,800 vs $53,800 +/- $10,000. During the first year following transplantation, the I/P patients required an additional 34 +/- 7 days of hospitalization, while C/P patients required 16 +/- 10 days. Over the first year, the number of infections and rejections differed at 2.8 +/- 0.6 per I/P patient vs 1.2 +/- 0.3 per C/P patient, and 2.5 +/- 0.4 per patient vs 1.5 +/- 0.3 per patient respectively (p less than .05). Renal function test results were better in the I/P group. Results of cardiac catheterization performed at one year were similar except for cardiac index and stroke volume index, both being higher in the C/P group. Coronary anatomy was considered normal in all. These data indicate that while overall survival is similar, a shortened post-transplant hospital course with fewer necessary hospitalizations, rejection episodes and infection episodes characterizes the first year in survivors receiving C/P immunosuppression. While both groups had multiple hemo-dynamic abnormalities as compared to normal subjects, cardiac index and stroke volume index were improved in the C/P group. Therapy with C/P represents an advance in immunosuppression for cardiac transplantation as compared to I/P; however, decreased renal function and diastolic hypertension were problems in the C/P group.