妊娠时 HIV ELISA 阳性结果可靠吗？

Positive Anti-HIV ELISA Results in Pregnancy: Is It Reliable?

机构信息

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.

DESAM Research Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.

出版信息

Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Feb 16;2022:1157793. doi: 10.1155/2022/1157793. eCollection 2022.

DOI:10.1155/2022/1157793

PMID:35221647

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8865967/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be transmitted from mothers to their babies during pregnancy, delivery through vaginal fluids or breastfeeding. As false positivity anti-HIV results due to pregnancy could be detected and no relevant study have been reported in Northern Cyprus so far, we aimed to estimate the false anti-HIV positivity rate in pregnant women.

METHODS

A total of 11.977 women admitted to Near East University Hospital between 2015 and 2018 were involved. The fourth generation anti-HIV-1/2 ELISA test was carried out by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. Positive results were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Demo Ver 22 program was used for statistical analysis and significance (p<0.05) was measured by Person Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact tests.

RESULTS

Anti-HIV-1/2 ELISA test was positive in 7 (0.3%) of pregnant and 11 (0.1%) of non-pregnant women. HIV RNA was not detected in any pregnant however, was detected in 2 (0.02%) of non pregnant. S/Co titer of pregnant and non pregnant who have positive anti-HIV-test without viral load was x̄=2.68±1.64 (1.34-5.20) and x̄=8.63±7.68 (1.56-20.98) respectively. False positivity was significantly higher in pregnants compared to non-pregnants (p=0.033).

CONCLUSION

False positivity can be encountered during pregnancy therefore, positive anti-HIV-1/2 ELISA results should be confirmed with molecular techniques before initiating antiretroviral treatment.

摘要

背景

人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）可在妊娠期间通过阴道液或母乳喂养从母亲传播给婴儿。由于妊娠导致的抗 HIV 假阳性结果可以被检测到，而北塞浦路斯迄今为止尚未有相关研究报道，因此我们旨在估计孕妇中抗 HIV 假阳性率。

方法

共有 2015 年至 2018 年间在中东大学医院就诊的 11977 名妇女参与了研究。采用化学发光酶免疫分析法进行第四代抗 HIV-1/2 ELISA 检测。阳性结果通过实时聚合酶链反应（rt-PCR）确认。采用 SPSS（社会科学统计软件包）Demo Ver 22 程序进行统计分析，采用 Person Chi-Square 和 Fisher's Exact 检验测量显著性（p<0.05）。

结果

抗 HIV-1/2 ELISA 检测在 7 名（0.3%）孕妇和 11 名（0.1%）非孕妇中呈阳性。然而，在任何孕妇中均未检测到 HIV RNA，但在 2 名（0.02%）非孕妇中检测到。具有阳性抗 HIV 检测但无病毒载量的孕妇和非孕妇的 S/Co 滴度分别为 x̄=2.68±1.64（1.34-5.20）和 x̄=8.63±7.68（1.56-20.98）。与非孕妇相比，孕妇的假阳性率显著更高（p=0.033）。